. 


f  •  .  i  ■„  .  .. . 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry 
Feeds  and  Rapidity  of  Digestion 

and 

Fate  of  Grit  in  the  Fowl 


TECHNICAL  BULLETIN  No.  22 


B.  F.  KAUPP  and  J.  E.  IVEY 

Animal  Industry  Division 
North  Carolina  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 

Raleigh 


NORTH  CAROLINA  AGRICULTURAL  EXPERIMENT  STATION 
Conducted  Jointly  by  The  State  Department  of  Agriculture  and 
The  North  Carolina  State  College  of  Agriculture  and  Engineering 

Raleigh 


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JUNE,  1923 


TECHNICAL  BULLETIN  No.  22 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds 

and  Rapidity  of  Digestion 

« 

and 

Fate  of  Grit  in  the  Fowl 


By 

B.  F.  KAUPP  and  J.  E.  IVEY 

Animal  Industry  Division 
North  Carolina  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 

RALEIGH 


NORTH  CAROLINA  AGRICULTURAL  EXPERIMENT  STATION 

Conducted  jointly  hy  the  State  Deparment  of  Agriculture  and 
the  North  Carolina  State  College  of  Agriculture  and  Engineering 


INDEX 


Historical  Review _  .  _ ' _  3 


The  Problem _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  3 

Time  Required  for  Food  to  Pass  Through  the  Entire  Intestinal  Tract 

of  Fowls _  o 

Experimental  Feeding  Methods _ _ _  11 

Care  of  the  Excrement _ _ ! _ : _  11 

Analyses  of  Feeds _ 1 _  _ _ _  11 

Moisture _  11 

Ether  Extract _ 12 

Crude  Fiber _  12 

Crude  Protein _ _ 12 

Ash _ 12 

Nitrogen-Free-Extract _  12 

Gross  and  Chemical  Analyses  of  the  Excreta__  _  19 

Chemical  Analyses  of  Excreta _  20 

Determination  of  Free  Ammonia _ 20 

Determination  of  Uric  Acid _  __  _  20 

The  Preparation  of  Piperidine _  21 

The  Ash  Intake  and  Ash  Outgo  and  its  Effect  Upon  the  Question  of 

Coefficients  of  Feeding  Stuffs  With  Poultry _  22 

The  Fate  of  Grit  in  the  Fowl _  27 

Behavior  of  Birds  on  Single  Feeds _  _  _ . _  35 

Summary  of  the  Digestive  Coefficient  Studies _  _  36 

Feeding  Data _  41 

Excrement  Analysis _  92 

Digestive  Coefficients _  104 

Monographic  Tables  of  Digestive  Coefficients  With  Poultry _ 141 


THE  DIGESTIVE  COEFFICIENTS  OF  POULTRY 
FEEDS  AND  RAPIDITY  OF  DIGESTION 

AND 

FATE  OF  GRIT  IN  THE  FOWL 


By  B.  F.  Kaupp  and  J.  E.  Ivey,  North  Carolina  Experiment  Station, 

Raleigh,  N.  C. 


HISTORICAL  REVIEW 

The  absence  of  definite  standards  and  coefficients  of  digestibility  of  different  feeds 
for  poultry  has  been  a  serious  drawback  to  the  best  work  of  practical  feeding  tests. 
The  alimentary  canal  of  birds  is  quite  different  from  that  of  mammals  and  it  is 
desirable  to  determine  if  there  is  any  difference  in  digestive  coefficients  between  fowls 
and  mammals.  The  fact  that  the  undigested  parts  of  the  food  and  the  urinary 
excretions  are  eliminated  from  the  body  together  makes  a  serious  obstacle  in  the  way 
of  protein  digestion  determinations  with  fowls  and  greatly  increases  the  amount  of 
analytical  work  to  be  done. 

Some  digestive  experiments  with  poultry  were  done  by  Bartlett1.  The  length  of 
time  of  feeding  in  these  experiments  was  twelve  to  fourteen  days,  being  divided  into 
two  periods,  a  preliminary  period  of  five  to  seven  days,  when  the  amount  the  bird 
would  eat  was  determined  and  the  alimentary  canal  freed  from  other  food,  and  a  col¬ 
lection  period.  The  droppings  were  collected  in  a  specially  constructed  bag  attached 
to  the  posterior  parts  of  the  bird  and  held  in  place  by  a  kind  of  harness.  The  feeding 
was  done  at  regular  hours  morning  and  evening.  The  droppings  were  collected 
at  the  same  time  and  placed  in  glass  jars  and  kept  covered  with  alcohol  to 
prevent  fermentation.  Later  the  alcohol  was  evaporated  off  on  a  steam  bath,  then 
dried  at  60  degrees  C.  to  air  dry  conditions. 

Bartlett  concludes  after  conducting  his  feeding  experiments  with  different  rations 
that  “the  indications  are  that  the  digestive  coefficient  of  most  nutrients  for  poultry 
are  not  materially  different  from  other  animals”.  “Unlike  ruminants  they  digest 
very  little  crude  fiber,  hence  coarser  fodder  carrying  much  of  this  material  is  of  but  lit¬ 
tle  value.  The  nutrients  of  wheat  do  not  seem  to  be  as  well  handled  as  most  other 
concentrated  grains,  the  ether  extract  showing  a  particularly  low  coefficient.  Like¬ 
wise  bran,  one  of  the  wheat  by-products,  shows  low  digestibility  in  organic  matter 
including  ether  extract  and  nitrogen-free-extract.  Its  bulky  and  coarse  condition  has 
brought  it  much  into  favor  to  feed  with  more  concentrated  materials  and  it  often 
makes  as  much  as  fifty  per  cent  of  the  mixture  used  in  mashes.” 

“The  mixture  of  equal  parts  corn  meal  and  fine  cut  early  clover  is  sufficiently 
bulky  to  feed  with  concentrates  and  is  more  digestible.  An  exclusive  diet  of  wheat  has 
a  deranging  effect  upon  the  digestive  system  of  the  birds.”  He  further  concludes 
that  corn  is  the  most  valuable  grain  for  poultry,  being  high  in  digestibility  and  palati- 
bility. 

The  feeds  tested  were  wheat  bran,  corn  meal,  gluten  feed,  beef  scrap,  linseed  meal, 
corn,  cracked  corn,  cut  clover,  oats,  rolled  oats,  wheat  both  hard  and  soft. 


1  Bartlett,  J.  M.,  Digestive  Experiments  with  Poultry,  Bui.  184,  Me.  Exp.  Sta.,  191U. 


4 


N".  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Corn  showed  a  higher  digestibility  than  any  other  grain  tested. 

Wheat  bran  showed  a  low  digestibility. 

A  mixture  of  eoual  parts  fine  cut  clover  and  corn  meal  is  more  digestible  and  is 
a  more  economical  feed  than  bran. 

Corn  compares  favorably  with  oats  as  a  grain  feed  for  fowls.  The  ether  extract  of 
wheat  has  a  low  digestive  coefficient. 

Crude  fiber  is  but  very  little  digested  and  evidently  is  of  but  little  use  in  a  ration 
for  poultry  except  to  give  bulkiness. 

The  mixing  of  about  seven  per  cent  of  bone  ash  with  a  ration  consisting  wholly  of 
vegetable  matter  gave  slightly  higher  average  digestive  coefficeint  than  when  the 
mixture  was  fed  without  it. 

Kalugine2  in  1897  conducted  digestion  trials  with  peas,  buckwheat,  wheat,  and 
barley.  “Hens  digest  the  crude  protein  of  peas  and  barley  in  about  the  same  pro¬ 
portions  as  has  been  observed  in  experiments  with  farm  animals.  The  assimilation 
of  crude  protein  of  wheat  and  buckwheat  is  inferior  to  that  found  in  the  other  two 
grains.  In  their  capacity  to  utilize  fat,  fowls  in  some  respects  resemble  swine  and  in 
other  respects  herbivora. 

Fields  and  Ford3  in  1900  conducted  digestion  trials  with  kafir  corn,  corn,  and  cow- 
peas.  The  digestion  coefficients  of  kafir  corn  and  corn  are  higher  when  fed  whole 
than  when  ground.  The  reverse  is  true  of  cowpeas.  The  percent  of  digested  crude 
protein,  nitrogen-free-extract,  and  ether  extract  is  generally  higher  in  kafir  corn 
than  in  cowpeas. 

Lehmann4  conducted  trials  in  1901  with  wheat  and  peas.  Fiber  was  found  indi¬ 
gestible.  The  assimiliation  of  both  crude  protein  and  fat  of  wheat  is  much  less  than 
that  of  peas.  The  reverse  is  true  of  nitrogen-free-extract.  The  digestible  coefficients 
by  poultry  are  more  comparable  to  those  of  swine  than  to  those  by  farm  animals. 

Paraschtschuk5  in  1902  conducted  trials  with  corn  for  hens  and  cocks.  “Digestion 
by  poultry  does  not  differ  widely  from  that  of  other  animals.  In  their  ability  to  digest 
fiber,  poultry  resembles  swine  more  than  they  do  ruminants  or  horses.  In  their  ability 
to  digest  ether  extract  poultry  most  closely  resembles  ruminants.  They  are  lowest 
in  order  in  ability  to  utilize  nitrogen-free-extract.” 

Prior  to  1904  digestion  trials  were  reported  for  about  20  feeds  on  poultry.  Duplicate 
trials  were  reported  for  only  three  feeds.  These  are  corn,  peas,  and  barley. 

Brown6  in  1904  gives  the  results  of  sixteen  digestion  trials  with  nine  hens  and  one 
cock  extending  over  a  period  varying  from  six  to  thirteen  days.  The  feeds  used  were 
corn,  oats,  wheat,  and  meat.  Crude  protein  and  nitrogen-free-extract  are  assimilated 
in  much  greater  proportions  in  corn  than  in  oats.  Wheat  falls  between  the  two  in 
these  respects.  The  digestibility  of  crude  fat  of  wheat  is  conspicuously  less  than  of 
corn  and  oats,  which  fact  may  bear  relation  to  the  unfavorable  results  that  follow 
sole  wheat  diet.  Chickens  eat  much  more  of  corn  than  of  oats  and  the  nutritive 
superiority  of  corn  is  manifest  in  an  increased  body  weight  of  these  chickens  in  the 
corn  test  in  contrast  with  a  decreased  body  weight  of  chickens  in  the  oat  test.  Accord¬ 
ing  to  the  availability  of  the  nutrients,  these  three  grains  vary  with  respect  to  low 
cost  in  order  of  corn,  oats,  and  wheat. 

2  Kalugin,  J.  Ueber  die  Wirkung  fiene  Grandes  awf  die  verdanlich  keit  der  Nohrstoffe  der  Hirse  bei 
Huhnern.  Fuhling’s  laudwirtsch.  Zlg.  Leipzip,  46,  Heft  3,  I  Feb.  Pp  85-86,  1897. 

3  Fields  and  Ford,  Bui.  46,  Okla.  Exp.  Sta.,  1900. 

4  Lehmann,  F.  Futterungsveruche  beitr.  Ernahrung  von  Geflugee.  Deutsclieland  wirtsch.  Gresse 
Berlin,  28  J.,  No.  39,  118,  Mar.  pp  339-340,  1901. 

*  Paraschtschuk,  Simon.  Die  Verdanung  des  mais  hei  Huhnern,  Journ  f.  Zandwirt  Sch.,  Berlin 50. 
J.,  Hebt  1,  9  mai,  pp  15-32,  1902. 

6  Brown,  E.  W.,  Bui.  56,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agri.,  B.  A.  I.  Digestion  Experiments  with  Poultry,  1904. 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


5 


The  digestive  organs  of  the  fowl  differ  greatly  from  that  of  mammals7.  The  food 
passes  from  the  mouth  through  the  pharynx  and  first  portion  of  the  esophagus  to  the 
crop.  The  food  here  becomes  moistened,  then  passes  through  the  second  portion  of 
the  esophagus  to  the  proventriculus  where  it  is  soaked  in  a  strong  acid  solution.  It 
then  passes  into  the  gizzard  and  is  ground.  Thus  ground  and  soaked  with  acid  and  a 
ferment  pepsin  it  passes  to  the  duodenum  where  pepsin  digestion  is  completed.  The 
content  of  the  duodenum,  about  fourteen  inches  long,  is  strongly  acid.  At  the  lower 
end  of  the  duodenum  the  bile  and  pancreatic  secretion  is  poured  out  and  the  reaction 
gradually  becomes  less  acid  till  the  caeca,  two  in  number,  are  reached.  The  liquid 
flowing  into  the  large  intestine,  which  in  the  averaged  sized  hen  is  about  four  and  one- 
half  inches  long,  now  by  reverse  peristalsis  of  this  portion  forces  the  liquid  forward,  at 
the  same  time  the  caecal  valves  extend  across  the  mouth  of  the  free  portion  of  the  small 
intestine  and  the  content  is  thus  forced  into  the  caeca.  This  can  be  demonstrated  by 
forcing  liquid  through  a  syringe  into  the  large  intestine. 

Since  the  urine  and  the  undigested  food  accumulate  in  the  cloaca  and  are  voided 
together  in  the  fowl,  a  means  must  be  used  in  determining  the  uric  acid  content  in 
analyses  of  the  excreta  of  fowls,  a  factor  not  present  in  digestion  work  in  mammals 
since  in  mammals  the  urine  is  eliminated  from  the  body  through  another  channel  from 
the  undigested  food  channel  or  bowel. 

Avian  urine  has  a  relatively  small  water  content  which  rapidly  evaporates  and 
leaves  a  white  flaky  mass  of  uric  acid  so  commonly  seen  in  the  droppings  of  birds. 
The  urea,  which  makes  up  the  major  part  of  the  nitrogenous  end-products  of  mam¬ 
malian  urine,  is  highly  soluble,  whereas  the  uric  acid  making  up  the  bulk  of  the  nitro¬ 
genous  end-product  in  avian  urine,  is  relatively  insoluble.  The  insolubility  of  the 
uric  acid  is  an  important  factor  in  making  the  uric  acid  determinations  and  compli¬ 
cates  the  test.  Mammalian  urine  is  rich  in  chlorides,  phosphates,  sulphates,  calcium, 
and  magnesium.  Avian  urine  contains  relatively  none  of  these.  The  avenue  of 
escape  for  the  salts  must  be  in  another  direction  and  it  is  interesting  to  note  that  the 
yolk  and  shell  of  the  egg  contains  considerable  quantities  of  such  salts. 

From  a  review  of  literature  at  hand  on  this  subject  it  would  appear  that  fowls  are 
apparently  most  efficient  in  digesting  the  nutrients  in  the  order  of  nitrogen-free- 
extract,  protein,  and  fat.  They  digest  relatively  little  or  no  fiber. 

THE  PROBLEM 

The  purpose  of  the  work  is  to  determine  the  rapidity  of  digestive  processes  in  the 
fowl  and  to  make  sufficient  digestive  coefficient  studies  of  poultry  feeds  which,  to¬ 
gether  with  those  already  available,  would  be  sufficient  for  a  tentative  table  of  digest¬ 
ible  nutrients  of  poultry  feeds  based  on  digestion  experiments  with  poultry,  to  deter¬ 
mine  the  ash  intake  and  ash  outgo  and  its  effect  on  the  digestive  coefficients  of  feeding 
stuffs  of  poultry,  and  to  determine  the  fate  of  grit  in  the  fowl. 

Time  Required  for  Food  to  Pass  Through  the  Entire 
Intestinal  Tract  of  Fowls 

Fowls  of  the  American  breeds  were  used  in  these  experiments.  Only  hens  were  to 
be  tested,  and  birds  two  to  three  years  of  age  were  selected. 

The  birds  were  kept  in  small  wire  coops  eighteen  inches  square  with  one  inch 
chicken  netting  floor.  The  coop  stood  on  a  tin  pan  slightly  larger  than  the  floor  of 
the  coop.  This  pan  was  to  catch  the  excreta  as  it  was  voided. 

Ground  feeds  such  as  wheat  middlings  and  corn  meal  were  used  in  which  was  in- 

7  Kaupp,  B.  F.,  Anatomy  of  the  Domestic  Fowl,  published  by  VV.  B.  Saunders  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
1918. 


6 


N”.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


corporated  a  material  that  would  stain  the  digestive  content  and  indicate  just  when 
the  food  passed  out  of  the  body.  The  materials,  or  indicators  were  lampblack,  methy¬ 
lene  blue,  and  gentian  violet. 

DATA 

Test  No.  1:  White  Plymouth  Rock  hen,  leg  band  No.  B36,  weight  5.9  pounds. 

8  a.  m.  given  20  gms.  wheat  middlings  mixed  with  water  and  lampblack. 

2  p.  m.  first  evacuation,  a  trace  of  lampblack  appeared. 

4  p.  m.  still  only  a  trace  of  lampblack  appears,  fed  20  gms.  wheat  middlings 
without  lampblack. 

6  p.  m.  evacuation  showing  excreta  decidedly  black. 

8  a.  m.  second  day  20  gms.  middlings  and  water  given. 

8  a.  m.  third  day — 48  hours — excreta  showed  slight  tinge  of  lampblack  on  the 
outer  surface  but  none  on  the  inner  particles.  20.  gms.  middlings  mixed 
with  water  given.  6  p.  m.  20  gms.  middlings  mixed  with  water  given. 

8  a.  m.  fourth  day — 72  hours — excreta  normal.  No  trace  of  lampblack. 

Lampblack  appeared  in  six  hours  and  disappeared  in  seventy-two  hours. 

Test  No.  2:  White  Plymouth  Rock  hen,  leg  band  No.  142,  weight  6.8  pounds. 

8  a.  m.  given  20  gms.  wheat  midd  ings  mixed  with  water,  lampblack. 

4.  p.  m.  fed  20  gms.  wheat  middlings  with  water  and  lampblack. 

6.  p.  m.  first  excreta  passed.  Lampblack  stained  excreta. 

8  a.  m.  second  day,  20  gms.  middlings  given. 

6  p.  m.  20  gms.  middlings  given.  Excreta  still  black. 

8  a.  m.  third  day  20  gms.  middlings  given.  Excreta  nearly  normal,  only  small 
amount  on  the  outside,  inside  of  mass  not  containing  lampblack. 

6  p.  m.  20  grams  middlings  given. 

8  a.  m  fourth  day — 72  hours — excreta  normal. 

In  this  case  the  first  excreta  voided  after  the  feeding  of  the  lampblack  was  at  6  p.m., 
or  ten  hours.  At  this  time  lampblack  in  small  amounts  appeared.  All  lampblack  had 
disappeared  at  the  end  of  72  hours. 

Test  No.  3:  White  Plymouth  Rock  hen,  leg  band  No.  B10,  weight,  6.14  pounds. 

7  a.  m.  fed  10  gms.  wheat  middlings  mixed  with  water  and  lampblack. 

1  p.  m.  first  evacuation.  The  excreta  was  black. 

2  p.  m.  second  evacuation.  Excreta  black. 

7  a.  m.  fourth  day.  Excreta  free  from  black. 

Lampblack  appeared  in  six  hours  and  disappeared  in  seventy-two  hours.  This  test 
was  run  with  a  broody  hen. 

Test  No.  4:  White  Plymouth  Rock  hen,  leg  band  No.  473,  weight  5.14  pounds. 

7  a.  m.  fed  10  gms.  wheat  middlings  mixed  with  water  and  lampblack. 

4  p.  m.  fed  20  gms.  middlings,  no  lampblack.  No  excreta  was  voided  on  the  first 
day  after  feeding  with  lampblack.  Excreta  showed  black  at  7  a.  m.  second 
day.  Excreta  were  also  voided  at  7 :30  second  day  which  was  also  black. 
This  bird  acted  as  though  constipated  and  no  further  excreta  were  voided 
until  morning  of  the  fourth  day  or  seventy-two  hours.  No  lampblack 
was  present  in  these  last  excreta. 

Owing  to  the  fact  that  no  excreta  were  voided  on  the  day  of  feeding  of 
the  middlings  and  lampblack  it  is  impossible  to  tell  how  long  it  required  for 
the  lampblack  to  pass  the  entire  length  of  the  digestive  tract.  The  fact 
that  the  excreta  were  free  from  lampblack  on  the  fourth  day  and  after  the 
seventy-two  hours  showed  this  test  to  be  in  line  with  those  above.  This 
test  was  run  with  a  broody  hen. 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


7 


Test  No.  5:  White  Plymouth  Rock  hen,  leg  band  No.  B148,  weight  6  pounds. 

7  a.  m.  fed  10  gms.  wheat  middlings  mixed  with  water  and  lampblack. 

4  p.  m.  fed  20  gms.  middlings. 

7  p.  m.  fed  20  gms.  middlings. 

9  p.  m.  first  excreta  voided.  Excreta  black. 

7  a.  m.  fourth  day  excreta  after  72  hours  normal.  No  lampblack. 

Phis  test  was  run  on  a  broody  hen.  First  excreta  voided  in  14  hours  and  showed 
lampblack.  Lampblack  traces  disappeared  after  72  hours. 

Test  No.  6:  Single  Comb  White  Leghorn  hen,  laying  condition,  leg  band  No.  34, 
weight  2.8  pounds. 

7  a.  m.  fed  20  gms.  wheat  middlings  mixed  with  water  and  lampblack. 

10:30  a.  m.  first  excreta  voided.  Excreta  black. 

11:20  a.  m.  excreta  voided,  same  color  as  above 

7  a.  m.  fourth  day  after  72  hours  excreta  normal. 

Excreta  showed  in  three  and  one-half  hours  that  food  had  passed  the  entire  length 
of  the  intestinal  tract. 

Test  No.  7:  Chick,  leg  band  No.  32,  weight  2  pounds. 

7  a.  m.  fed  10  gms.  wheat  middlings  mixed  with  water  and  lampblack. 

10:50  a.  m.  first  excreta  voided.  Excreta  black 

7  a.  m.  fourth  day  after  72  hours  excreta  normal 
The  indicator  suggests  that  the  food  passed  through  this  two-pound  broiler  chick 
in  four  hours. 

Test  No.  8:  Chick,  leg  band  No.  36,  weight  1.8  pounds. 

7  a.  m.  20  gms.  wheat  middlings  given  mixed  with  water  and  lampblack. 

10:55  a.  m.  first  excreta  voided.  Trace  of  lampblack. 

11:40  a.  m.  second  excreta  voided.  Excreta  black. 

7  a.  m.  fourth  day  after  72  hours  excreta  normal. 

In  this  case  the  excreta  voided  indicated  that  the  food  had  passed  through  the 
digestive  tract  in  approximately  four  hours. 

Test  No.  9:  Buff  Plymouth  Rock  hen,  in  laying  condition,  leg  band  No.  26, 
weight  5.5  pounds. 

7  a.  m.  fed  20  gms.  wheat  middlings  mixed  with  water  and  lampblack. 

10:00  a.  m.  first  excreta  voided.  Excreta  black. 

7  a.  m.  fourth  day,  excreta  normal. 

The  indicator  showed  that  food  had  passed  the  entire  digestive  tract  in  three  hours. 
An  egg  was  laid  first  day  of  experiment. 

Test  No.  10 :  Buff  Plymouth  Rock  hen  in  laying  condition,  leg  band  No.  28,  weight 
6  pounds. 

7  a.  m.  fed  20  gms.  wheat  middlings  with  water  and  lampblack. 

10:05  a.  m.  first  excreta  voided.  Excreta  black. 

7  a.  m.  fourth  day  after  72  hours  excreta  normal. 

The  indicator  showed  that  food  passed  through  the  intestinal  tract  in  approximate¬ 
ly  three  hours.  This  hen  laid  one  egg  on  the  first  day  of  the  experiment. 

Test  No.  11:  Buff  Plymouth  Rock  hen,  in  laying  condition,  leg  band  No.  30, 
weight  6  pounds. 

7  a.  m.  fed  20  gms.  wheat  middlings  mixed  with  water  and  lampblack. 

10:00  a.  m.  first  excreta  voided.  Lampblack  present. 

3:30  p.  m.  third  day  all  traces  of  lampblack  gone. 

The  hen  laid  an  egg  each  of  the  first  two  days.  The  indicator  showed  that  food  had 
passed  the  entire  length  of  the  digestive  tract  in  approximately  three  hours.  It  was 
noted  that  in  the  latter  part  of  this  experiment  that  the  outside  of  the  fecal  mass  was 


8 


1ST.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


black  and  the  inside  not  colored.  This  raised  the  question  as  to  whether  lampblack 
will  adhere  to  the  intestinal  mucosa  and  be  gradually  eliminated  by  the  feces  as  it 
passes  along.  In  the  small  intestines  where  the  food  is  mixed  by  the  pouring  back  and 
forth  process,  it  evidently  would  be  mixed  with  the  food.  However,  this  would  not 
hold  true  in  the  large  intestine,  since  the  formation  of  the  mass  takes  place  either 
inrthe  large  intestine  or  cloaca  or  in  both. 

With' these  ideas  in  mind  it  was  decided  to  try  some  test  using  aniline  blue  dyes 
which  were  calculated  to  stain  the  feeds  and  not  b6  in  a  form  to  be  carried  along  me¬ 
chanically  as  in  the  case  of  lampblack. 

Test  No.  12:  Columbian  Wyandotte  hen,  leg  band  No.  26,  weight  5.4  pounds. 

7  a.  m.  fed  whole  corn  soaked  in  gentian  violet  water.  She  ate  5  gms. 

4  p.  m.  given  20  gms.  soaked  in  gentian  violet  water. 

7 :30  a.  m.  second  day,  first  evacuation.  Excreta  watery  in  consistency,  greenish  in 
color,  indicating  at  first  a  tendency  to  constipation  and  later  diarrhea. 
This  test  was  considered  unsatisfactory. 

Test  No.  13:  Columbian  Wyandotte  hen,  leg  band  No.  28,  weight  5.6  pounds. 

7  a.  m.  fed  whole  corn  soaked  in  gentian  violet  water.  She  ate  4  gms.  There  was 
no  evacuation  during  the  day. 

8:45  a.  m.  second  day,  first  evacuation  watery  in  consistency,  greenish  in  color.  This 
test  was  unsatisfactory  for  the  same  reason  as  No.  12. 

Test  No.  14:  Columbian  Wyandotte  hen,  leg  band  No.  31.  weight  6  pounds. 

7  a.  m.  fed  whole  corn  soaked  in  gentian  violet  water.  She  ate  3  gms. 

6  p.  m.  first  evacuation.  Greenish  and  water-like  in  consistency.  The  consti¬ 

pating  effect  was  not  so  great  as  in  the  two  previous  cases.  This  test  was 
considered  unfavorable  and  unsatisfactory. 

Test  No.  15:  Columbian  Wyandotte  hen,  leg  band  No.  32,  weight  5.7  pounds. 

7  a.  m.  fed  whole  corn  soaked  in  gentian  violet  water.  She  ate  10  gms. 

9  a.  m.  second  day,  first  evacuation.  Feces  greenish  and  watery.  The  hen  appeared 
weak.  Here  again  the  gentian  violet  appeared  to  cause  constipation  fol¬ 
lowed  by  diarrhea  apparently  due  to  irritation  of  the  mucosa  of  the  bowel. 
This  test  was  considered  unsatisfactory. 

Test  No.  16:  Buff  Plymouth  Rock  hen,  leg  band  No.  26,  weight  5.8  pounds. 

8:30  a.  m.  fed  corn  meal  mixed  with  methylene  blue  water. 

11:40  a.  m.  first  excreta  voided.  The  excreta  were  blue  at  this  time. 

7  a.  m.  fourth  day  after  72  hours  excreta  normal. 

This  was  three  hours  and  ten  minutes  for  food  to  pass  through  the  intestinal  tract. 
There  was  some  irritation.  This  bird  was  in  laying  condition. 

Test  No.  17:  Buff  Plymouth  Rock  hen,  leg  band  No.  28,  weight  6  pounds. 

8:30  a.  m.  fed  35  gms.  corn  meal  mixed  with  methylene  blue  water. 

11:00  a.  am.  first  excreta  voided.  Excreta  were  blue.  There  was  some  irritation  at 
this  time  evidence  by  slight  watery  condition  of  the  excreta. 

8:30  a.  m.  fourth  day  after  72  hours  all  traces  of  the  blue  had  disappeared. 

Food  passed  through  the  digestive  tract  in  two  hours  and  thirty  minutes.  This 
bird  was  in  laying  condition.  There  was  here  again  evidence  of  irritation. 

Test  No.  18:  Buff  Plymouth  Rock  hen,  leg  band  No.  30,  weight  5.9  pounds. 

8:30  a.  m.  fed  8  gms.  corn  meal  mixed  with  methylene  blue  water. 

9:00  a.  m.  first  excreta  were  voided.  Only  very  slight  traces  of  methylene  blue 
could  be  detected. 

4:30  p.  m.  second  evacuation.  Excreta  blue.  The  first  passage  was  in  thirty  min¬ 
utes  and  indicated  that  if  food  is  given  on  an  empty  crop  and  mixed  with 
methylene  blue  slight  staining  of  the  food  in  the  cloaca  may  occur  in  that 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


9 


space  of  time.  The  reaction  was  constipation  fo’low3d  by  looseness  of  the 
bowels  as  with  the  gentian  trials.  At  the  end  of  72  hours  no  trace  of  the 
methylene  blue  could  be  detected. 

Test  No.  19:  Buff  Plymouth  Rock  hen,  leg  band  No.  32,  weight  5.7  pounds. 

8:30  a.  m.  fed  30  gms.  corn  meal  mixed  with  methylene  blue  water. 

11.40  a.  m.  first  excreta  were  passed.  Excreta  blue. 

8:30  fourth  day,  after  72  hours  excreta  normal. 

The  first  indication  was  at  three  hours  and  ten  minutes.  There  was  again  evidence 
of  irritation.  The  hen  was  in  laying  condition,  having  laid  two  eggs  during  the  trials. 
Test  No.  20:  Buff  Plymouth  Rock  hen,  leg  band  No.  34,  weight  6.1  pounds. 

8:30  a.  m.  fed  31  gms.  corn  meal  mixed  with  methylene  blue  water. 

12:00  m.  first  excreta  passed.  Excreta  blue. 

8:30  a.  m.  fourth  day,  after  72  hours  excreta  normal. 

Indicator  showed  food  passed  entire  digestive  tract  in  three  hours  and  thirty 
minutes.  Hen  was  in  laying  condition.  Methylene  blue  caused  irritation. 

Test  No.  21:  Buff  Plymouth  Rock  hen,  leg  band  No.  36,  weight  6.3  pounds. 

7  a.  m.  fed  7  cc.  methylene  blue  water  mixed  with  corn  meal. 

7 :30  a.  m.  second  day,  first  evacuation.  Excreta  blue. 

7 :30  a.  m.  third  day,  after  48  hours  all  blue  had  disappeared. 

This  bird  was  not  in  laying  condition.  The  first  effect  was  that  of  constipation, 
the  first  evacuation  being  twenty-three  hours  after  the  test  meal  was  given 

Test  No.  22:  White  Plymouth  Rock  hen,  leg  band  No.  115,  weight  6.5  pounds. 

7  a.  m.  fed  20  gms.  corn  meal  mixed  with  lampblack. 

10:20  a.  m.  first  excreta  voided.  Excreta  black. 

7  a.  m.  fourth  day,  after  72  hours  excreta  normal. 

This  hen  was  in  laying  condition,  laying  an  egg  on  each  of  the  three  days  of  the  test. 
The  food,  as  indicated  by  the  lampblack,  passed  the  entire  length  of  the  digestive 
tract  in  three  hours  and  twenty  minutes.  The  hen  was  in  laying  condition. 

Test  No.  23:  White  Plymouth  Rock  hen,  leg  band  No.  56,  weight  5.8  pounds. 

7  a.  m.  fed  20  gms.  corn  meal  in  which  was  incorporated  lampblack. 

12:20  p.  m.  first  excreta  were  voided.  Excreta  black. 

7  a.  m.  fourth  day,  after  72  hours  excreta  normal. 

The  first  colored  excreta  were  passed  in  five  hours  and  twenty  minutes.  The  hen 
was  in  laying  condition  laying  each  day  during  the  test. 

Test  No.  24:  White  Plymouth  Rock  hen,  leg  band  No.  100,  weight  6.3  pounds. 

7  a.  m.  fed  20  gms.  corn  meal  mixed  with  lampblack. 

2  p.  m.  first  excreta  passed.  Excreta  black. 

7  a.  m.  fourth  day,  excreta  normal. 

The  first  excreta  were  voided  in  seven  hours.  This  hen  was  broody.  Broody  hens 
apparently  do  not  have  as  many  evacuations  as  other  hens  and  the  quantity  evacua¬ 
ted  is  greater  as  indicated  by  this  hen. 

Test  No.  25:  Partridge  Plymouth  Rock  hen,  leg  band  No  112,  weight  5.3  pounds. 
7  a.  m.  fed  20  gms.  corn  meal  in  which  was  incorporated  lampblack. 

1 :20  p.  in.  first  excreta  voided.  Excreta  black. 

7  a.  m.  fourth  day,  after  72  hours  excreta  normal. 

The  first  excreta  indicating  lampblack  was  voided  in  six  hours  and  twenty  minutes. 

DISCUSSION 

Of  the  two  White  Plymouth  Rock  hens  not  in  laying  condition  one  passed  wheat 
middlings  in  six  hours  and  the  other  in  ten  hours  or  an  average  of  eight  hours. 

In  the  test  with  one  Single  Comb  White  Leghorn  in  laying  condition  the  wheat 


10 


JN.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


middlings  passed  through  the  intestinal  tract  in  three  and  one-hal  hours.  Of  the 
three  Buff  Plymouth  Rock  hens  in  lay  ng  condition,  two  passed  wheat  middlings  in 
three  hours  and  the  third  in  three  hours  and  five  minutes.  Of  the  two  White  Ply¬ 
mouth  Rock  hens  laying  during  the  tests,  corn  meal  passed  through  the  digestive 
tract,  one  in  three  hours  and  twenty  minutes  and  the  other  in  five  hours  and  twenty 
minutes,  or  an  average  for  these  two  of  four  hours  and  twenty  minutes.  An  averag- 
of  the  six  tests  with  laying  hens  showed  that  food  passed  the  entire  digestive  tract  in 
.three  hours  and  forty-six  minutes. 

Of  the  three  White  Plymouth  Rock  hens  that  were  broody,  one  passed  the  wheat 
middlings  through  the  intestinal  tract  in  six  hours,  the  second  in  twenty-four  hours, 
and  the  third  in  fourteen  hours,  or  an  average  of  these  three  of  fourteen  and  two- 
thirds  hours.  Of  two  White  Plymouth  Rock  hens  in  a  broody  condition  given  corn 
meal  one  passed  food  through  the  digestive  tract  in  seven  hours  and  the  second  in  six 
hours  and  twenty  minutes,  or  an  average  of  the  five  broody  hens  of  eleven  hours  and 
forty-five  minutes. 

Of  the  two  chicks  weighing  approximately  two  pounds  each,  one  passed  the  wheat 
middlings  through  the  intestinal  tract  in  three  hours  and  fifty  minutes  and  the  other 
in  three  hours  and  fifty-five  minutes,  making  an  average  of  three  hours  and  fifty-two 
minutes. 

Of  the  four  Columbian  Wyandotte  hens  not  in  laying  condition,  one  consumed  5 
gms.  whole  corn  soaked  in  gentian  violet  water  and  voided  first  excrement  in  twenty- 
four  hours,  the  second  consumed  4  gms.  and  passed  the  first  tinted  excreta  in  25 
hours,  the  third  ate  3  gms.  and  passed  the  first  tinted  excreta  in  twenty-six  hours. 
From  this  it  is  evident  that  gentian  violet  causes  constipation  followed  by  a  loose¬ 
ness  of  the  bowels,  indicating  irritation  to  the  mucosa  of  the  bowels. 

Of  six  Buff  Plymouth  Rock  hens  in  laying  condition,  two  consumed  30  gms.  whole 
corn  soaked  in  methylene  blue  water,  and  the  first  tinted  excreta  was  voided  in  three 
hours  and  ten  minutes.  One  consumed  thirty-five  gms.  and  voided  tinted  excreta  in 
two  hours  and  thirty  minutes,  the  fourth  consumed  thirty-one  grams  corn  meal  and 
voided  tinted  excreta  in  three  hours  and  thirty  minutes,  the  fifth  consumed  8  gms.  and 
voided  the  first  tinted  excreta  in  one  hour  and  thirty  minutes,  the  sixth  consumed 
7  gms.  and  voided  the  first  tinted  excreta  in  twenty-three  hours.  The  tendency  here 
is  for  small  amounts  of  methylene  blue  to  cause  constipation  and  larger  doses  irrita¬ 
tion  with  specks  of  blood  on  the  semi-liquid  evacuations.  There  is  only  one  exception 
to  this  tendency  and  that  is  in  the  case  of  the  bird  that  consumed  8  gms.  of  corn 
and  evacuated  in  one  hour  and  thirty  minutes. 

SUMMARY 

Digestive  processes  of  the  fowl  are  rapid.  The  greatest  rapidity  is  shown  in  the 
laying  and  in  the  growing  fowl,  food  passing  on  an  average  of  three  hours  and  fifty 
two  minutes  in  the  case  of  growing  fowls  and  three  hours  and  forty-six  minutes  in  the 
cases  of  the  laying  hens.  Next  in  activity  comes  the  adult  hen  not  in  laying  condition, 
averaging  eight  hours,  and  then  the  broody  hen  required  an  average  of  eleven  hours 
and  forty-four  minutes. 

It  was  noted  that  broody  hens  behaved  the  same  in  the  experimental  coops  as  on 
the  nest,  that  is,  the  evacuations  were  fewer  and  the  quantity  evacuated  each  time 
increased  over  that  o:  a  normal  hen. 

We  have  not  taken  as  accurate  the  fowls  in  which  the  gentian  violet  or  methylene 
blue  were  given,  as  it  exercised  influence  on  the  normal  function  of  the  intestinal  tract. 

In  all  these  tests  the  hens  were  placed  in  the  coops  the  day  before  the  trial  so  that 
the  crop  was  empty  when  the  test  feed  was  given. 


11 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 

EXPERIMENTAL  FEEDING  METHODS 

The  following  method  of  feeding  was  used  throughout  our  work.  The  coop  as  shown 
in  Fig.  5  is  made  of  four  upright  2"  x  2"  pieces.  The  coop  is  eighteen  inches  square, 
the  bottom  of  which  is  made  of  one  inch  mesh  chicken  netting  and  is  two  inches  above 
the  pan  in  which  the  coop  is  placed.  The  side  of  the  coop  is  constructed  of  one  inch 
chicken  netting.  The  top  is  removable  and  is  made  of  four  1"  x  2"  wooden  strips 
nailed  to  two  pieces  of  1"  x  2''  at  right  angles.  The  dropping  pan  is  constructed  of 
block  tin  twenty  inches  square  and  one  inch  deep.  It  is  reinforced  at  the  rim  with 
heavy  copper  wire. 

The  receptacle  used  for  feeding  consisted  of  a  large,  long-handled  dipper  in  the 
bottom  of  which  was  soldered  a  259  cc.  tin  cup.  In  the  cup  was  placed  the  feed  which 
was  being  used  in  the  experiment.  The  hen  stood  in  such  a  position  when  eating 
that  if  any  of  the  feed  was  thrown  outside  the  cup,  it  remained  inside  the  large  dipper 
and  did  not  become  wasted  or  mixed  with  the  excreta.  The  correction  was  properly 
made  in  the  feeding  data. 

The  feeding  experiments  were  conducted  in  a  well-ventilated  and  well-lighted  base¬ 
ment  room.  The  feeding  coops  were  placed  on  a  specially  constructed  white  top  table 
and  arranged  in  such  a  manner  that  if  by  any  reason  either  feed  or  excreta  were  thrown 
out  of  the  proper  receptacles,  it  could  at  once  be  seen  and  proper  corrections  made. 

In  selecting  our  fowls  we  chose  mature  hens  of  lymphatic  temperament.  Such 
hens  were  brought  from  the  Station  and  College  poultry  plant  in  the  morning  and 
placed  in  the  feeding  coops  and  allowed  to  remain  till  the  next  morning,  being  given 
only  water.  This  allows  the  intestinal  tract  to  become  partially  empty  and  conserves 
the  appetite,  thereby  making  the  bird  more  fitted  for  the  experiment. 

A  definite  number  of  grams  of  the  test  feed  was  given  at  7:30  a.  m.  and  4:30  p.  m. 
The  feed  used  in  the  experiment  was  always  mixed  with  an  equal  number  of  grams 
of  water  and  placed  before  the  fowl  in  the  feeding  cup.  It  was  soon  observed  that  the 
bird  would  consume  all  the  feed  she  cared  to  in  twenty  minutes. 

The  digestion  experiment  was  divided  into  two  periods,  the  first  a  four  day  pre¬ 
liminary  period,  the  second  a  four  day  test  period.  Accurate  records  of  feed  consumed 
during  these  two  periods  were  kept  as  shown  by  records  of  the  appended  tables. 
Excrement  for  analyses  was  saved  only  from  the  test  period. 

CARE  OF  EXCREMENT 

Each  morning  preceding  the  feeding  all  excrement  that  remained  on  the  wire 
bottom  coop  was  carefully  removed  with  a  spatula  and  placed  in  the  receiving  pan. 
These  pans  were  removed  and  replaced  by  clean  pans. 

The  excrement  was  removed  from  the  pan  with  a  spatula  and  placed  in  a  oOO  cc. 
procelain  dish.  The  excrement  that  could  not  be  removed  with  a  spatula  was  washed 
off  with  alcohol  and  this  washing  was  also  placed  in  the  porcelain  dish.  The  excrement 
in  the  dish  was  then  covered  with  95%  alcohol  to  prevent  fermentation,  to  which 
5  cc.  of  acetic  acid  was  then  added  to  convert  the  free  ammonia  into  ammonium 
acetate.  This  was  then  dried  as  thoroughly  as  possible  on  a  water  bath.  After  drying 
on  the  water  bath  it  was  then  placed  in  an  electric  oven  and  held  at  a  temperature  ot 
110  degrees  C.  for  five  hours.  It  was  then  removed  and  carefully  weighed  and  placed 
in  an  air-tight  container  and  properly  labeled  for  analysis. 


12 


1ST.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


ANALYSES  OF  FEEDS 
Moisture 

Two  samples  of  about  three  grains  each  of  the  substance  is  put  into  weighing  bottles 
with  ground  glass  covers.  These  are  put  into  an  electric  oven  and  heated  for  five 
hours  at  110  degrees  C.  After  heating  the  bottles  are  allowed  to  cool,  then  weighed, 
heated  again,  and  reweighed.  This  is  continued  until  the  weight  is  constant  to  2  mg. 
From  the  loss  of  weight  the  percentage  of  dry  matter  is  calculated  and  the  percent 
of  moisture  is  determined 

Ether  Extract 

A  moisture-free  sample  is  taken,  representing  about  two  or  three  grams  of  the  sub¬ 
stance.  This  is  put  into  an  extraction  thimble.  This  thimble  is  placed  inside  of  a 
soxhlet  extraction  siphon  that  is  then  connected  to  a  Liebig  condenser.  This  is  then 
connected  to  a  weighed  extraction  flask  or  bulb  containing  about  75  cc.  of  anhydrous 
ether.  The  extraction  is  continued  for  about  two  hours  in  an  electric  oven  air  bath. 

The  extracting  flask  or  bulb  is  then  put  in  a  still  and  the  excess  of  ether  is  recovered. 
The  extraction  flask  is  put  into  the  electric  oven  and  dried  for  one  hour  at  100  degrees 
C.,  removed  from  the  oven  and  placed  in  a  desiccator,  cooled  and  weighed. 
This  process  of  heating  and  weighing  is  continued  until  the  minimum  weight  of  fat 
is  calculated. 

Crude  Fiber 

The  residue  from  the  ether  extract  determination  is  put  into  a  500  cc.  flask  to 
which  is  added  200  cc.  of  boiling  1.25  percent  of  H2SO4.  This  is  connected  to  a 
condenser  and  boiled  continuously  for  thirty  minutes.  This  is  filtered  through  a  linen 
filter  and  washed  with  boiling  water  until  the  washings  are  no  longer  acid.  The  resi¬ 
due  is  then  put  back  into  the  flask  with  200  cc.  of  boiling  1.25  percent  NaOH  free 
as  possible  from  sodium  carbonate,  and  is  boiled  continuously  for  thirty  minutes  in 
the  same  manner  as  given  for  boiling  with  the  acid.  The  alkaline  solution  is  filtered 
at  once  and  washed  as  rapidly  as  possible,  and  continued  until  the  washings  are  neutral. 
The  residue  is  dried  at  110  degrees  C.  until  it  ceases  to  lose  weight,  weighed,  inciner¬ 
ated  completely,  and  weighed  again.  The  loss  of  weight  is  considered  to  be  the  crude 
fiber. 

Total  Proteins 

A  sample  of  0.7  grams  of  the  substance  is  put  into  a  Kjeldahl  digestion  flask,  to 
which  is  added  10  gms.  of  powdered  potassium  sulphate,  0.7  gm.  mercuric  oxide,  and 
25  cc.  H2SO4.  This  mixture  is  then  subjected  to  a  slow  heat  for  five  minutes  and  a 
high  heat  for  twenty  minutes,  or  until  digestion  is  complete.  This  is  done  under  a 
hood.  The  liquid  is  then  allowed  to  cool  and  to  it  is  added  200  cc.  of  nitrogen-free 
water  and  a  few  pieces  of  copper  wire.  The  flask  is  taken  to  the  Kjeldahl  distilling 
apparatus  and  50  cc.  of  a  saturated  sodium  hydroxid  and  20  cc.  of  a  potassium  sul¬ 
phate  solution  is  added.  The  apparatus  is  then  connected  to  the  condenser.  The 
content  of  the  flask  is  mixed  by  shaking.  One  hundred  fifty  cc.  are  then  distilled  into 
a  standard  acid  solution.  The  standard  acid  solution  is  then  titrated  and  the  percent 
nitrogen  determined  and  this  multiplied  by  6.25  gives  the  amount  of  protein. 

Ash 

Two  grams  of  the  substance  is  weighed  into  a  crucible,  burned  at  a  slow  heat  for 
twenty  minutes,  then  fast  heat  until  all  of  the  carbon  is  burned,  and  a  constant  weight 
is  maintained.  Then  the  percent  of  ash  is  determined. 

Nitrogen-Free-Ex  tract 

The  nitrogen-free-extract  is  determined  by  difference. 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultby  Feeds,  etc. 


13 


Fig.  1.  Crude  Fiber  Determination  Apparatus 


1.  Beakers  containing  the  feed  sample. 

li  Copper1  "water  bulbs^through  which  water  circulates  to  prevent  boiling  over. 


14 


N.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Fig.  2.  Kjeldahl  Distilling  Apparatus  for  the  Determination  of  Nitrogen 

1.  Rack  supporting  Kjeldahl  flasks. 

2.  Showing  beneath  it  bunsen  burners  and  gas  connections. 

3.  Glass  bulbs  preventing  direct  overflow  of  boiling  liquid  in  Kjeldahl  flask. 

4.  Condenser  with  lead  coils  inside  surrounded  by  running  water.  From  the  lead  coils 

the  condensed  liquid  flows  into  Erlingmeyer  flasks  5,  6  expanded  tube  inserted  in 
the  stopper  of  the  receiving  Erlengmeyer  flask  containing  glass  beads  moistened 
with  water  to  prevent  the  escape  of  free  nitrogen  during  the  process  of  distillation. 


ETC1 2 3 4 5. 


15 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds, 


Fig.  3.  Apparatus  for  Determining  the  Ether  Extract 

1.  Metal  box  having  within  six  120  watt  nitrogen  bulbs  forming  an  electric  air  bath  for 

distillation  of  ether. 

2.  Fat  extraction  flask  receiving  the  extracted  fat. 

3.  Soxhlet  extraction  tube  containing  extraction  thimble. 

4.  Thimble  containing  the  material  from  which  to  have  the  fat  extracted. 

5.  Liebig’s  condenser  showing  rubber  connections  at  6  for  inlet  for  cold  water. 

7.  Electric  oven  for  drying  fat. 


16 


N.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Fig.  4.  Photograph  of  a  Kjeldahl  Digestion  Shelf  Used  in  the  Experimental  Work 

la.  The  shelf  ;  lb.  The  digestion  flasks  ;  lc.  The  glass  door  to  hood  ;  Id.  flue  to  conduct 
the  gas  out  of  the  hood. 

2.  The  water  still  used  to  produce  the  distilled  water. 

3.  The  water  or  steam  bath  used  in  evaporation  of  excrements. 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


17 


1. 

9 


Fig.  5.  Photograph  Showing  Methods  of  Handling  Birds  in  Feeding  Tests 


Feed  container  ; 
Droppings  pan  ; 


2b.  Feeding  crate  ;  2d.  The  feed  cup. 

2c.  Removable  slatted  top  ;  2 e.  The  experimental  hen. 


Poul. — 2 


18 


N.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Fig.  7.  Apparatus  for  the  Recovery  of  Ether 

1.  Body  of  evaporator  in  which  is  placed  a  120  watt  nitrogen  bulb. 

2.  Hood  in  which  the  fat  bulbs  containing  fat  and  ether  are  placed. 

3.  Condenser. 

4.  Receiving  flask. 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


19 


GROSS  AND  CHEMICAL  ANALYSES  OF  THE  EXCRETA 

The  droppings  were  reduced  to  fineness  by  grinding  or  by  beating  in  a  large  iron 
mortar  with  a  large  iron  pestle.  The  material  was  then  passed  through  a  wire  sieve 
with  256  meshes  to  the  square  inch. 

In  a  gross  study  of  this  material  there  was  observed  grit  consisting  of  quartz  or 
silica,  varying  in  size  up  to  2  x  4.5  m.m.  and  weighing  0.0813  gm. 

Black  bodies  were  also  observed  and  under  the  hand  lens  they  were  recognized  as 
pieces  of  cinders.  One  piece  of  glass  was  observed  in  one  study.  These  birds  had  not 
been  given  grit  for  the  entire  period  they  were  used.  This  includes  the  four  prelimin¬ 
ary  days  and  the  four  test  days  in  which  the  droppings  were  saved.  Other  bodies 
recognized  included  undigested  feed.  Chalk-like  bodies,  the  largest  of  which  measured 
2x3x4  mm.  and  weighed  0.0112  gm,  consisted  of  urinary  sediment  and  mostly  of 
uric  acid.  In  three  tests  the  average  weight  of  coarse  parts  was  0.0931.  The  percent¬ 
age  of  foreign  matter  was  0.56. 


FTr  8  A  Photograph  Showing  the  Foreign  and  Other  Hard  Bodies  of  the  excreta 
Which  Resisted  Grinding  or  Maceration  and  Was  Removed  by  Aid  of  the  Sieve 


1.  Grit  or  quartz. 

2.  Pieces  of  cinders. 

3.  Masses  of  hard  uric  acid  crystals. 

4.  Masses  of  undigested  middlings. 


Chemical  Analyses  of  Excreta 

The  methods  used  in  determining  the  moisture,  ash,  ether  extract,  crude  fiber, 
nitrogen-free-extract,  and  total  nitrogen  are  the  same  as  those  used  in  the  feed  ana- 

lvscs. 

Determination  of  Free  Ammonia 

Place  0.7  gm.  of  the  excrement  in  a  Kjeldahl  flask  with  200  cc.  of  water  and  5  gms. 
of  magnesium  oxide  free  of  carbon  dioxide.  Then  connect  the  flask  with  a  condesner 
and  distill  100  cc.  of  the  liquid  into  standard  acid,  titrate  and  calculate  the  ammonia 

present. 


20 


N\  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Determination  of  Uric  Acid 

Take  ten  grains  of  thoroughly  mixed  ground  feces,  place  in  a  250  cc.  beaker  and 
treat  with  100  cc.  of  95%  alcohol.  Filter  through  paper  and  wash  twice  with  30  cc. 
of  alcohol,  then  wash  three  times  with  ether  and  allow  to  dry.  This  removes  the  great¬ 
er  part  of  the  coloring  and  fatty  matter.  The  residue  when  dry  is  returned  to  the 
beaker.  One  hundred  cc.  of  5%  solution  of  HC1  is  added  and  set  in  a  refrigerator  over 
night. 

The  following  morning  the  material  is  filtered  through  paper  and  washed  twice 
with  cold  water,  returned  to  the  beaker  with  100  cc.  of  water  and  enough  piperidine 
added  to  dissolve  the  uric  acid.  A  few  drops  of  phenolphthalein  were  added  to  the 
solution  in  order  to  determine  the  amount  of  alkali  necessary  to  dissolve  all  the  uric 
acid,  also  the  disappearance  of  the  white  particles  from  t lie  bottom  of  the  beaker  in¬ 
dicates  complete  solution.  It  usually  requires  from  one-half  to  three-fourths  of  an 
hour  heating  on  the  water  bath  with  frequent  stirring  to  effect  complete  solution. 
After  the  white  particles  all  diappear  and  the  solution  remains  alkaline  it  is  passed 
through  a  coarse  linen  filter  into  a  five  hundred  cc.  graduated  flask,  washed  thorough¬ 
ly  with  hot  water,  squeezing  out,  filtered  two  or  three  times  to  facilitate  washing,  cooled 
and  made  up  to  the  mark  and  thoroughly  mixed.  The  solution  is  then  allowed  to 
settle  until  the  fine  particles  which  passed  through  the  cloth  settle  out,  leaving  a  clear 
solution  which  can  be  drawn  off.  The  solution  is  allowed  to  settle  over  night  so  that 
it  will  be  clear  in  the  morning. 

Fifty  cc.  portions,  representing  2  gins,  of  the  feces,  are  taken,  made  acid  with  HC1, 
evaporated  on  a  water  bath  to  25  cc.  and  set  in  a  refrigerator  over  night,  or  better 
still  for  twenty-four  hours.  Then  filter  through  a  597  8.  &  S.  filter  paper  on  a  Buck¬ 
ner’s  funnel  50  mm.  in  diameter,  under  pressure,  wash  three  times  with  cold  water, 
then  with  absolute  alcohol,  and  lastly  two  or  three  times  with  ether  to  remove  any 
trace  of  remaining  fat.  The  uric  acid  is  thus  collected  on  a  very  small  filter  paper 
which  is  transferred  to  a  beaker,  boiled  with  35  cc.  of  distilled  water  and  titrated 
with  N — 10  piperidine  solution.  It  is  very  necessary  to  complete  the  end  reaction 
with  the  solution  as  near  the  boiling  point  as  possible,  or  concordant  results  cannot 
be  attained.  All  determinations  are  run  in  triplicates.  The  first  titration  is  made 
roughly  to  find  out  the  approximate  end  point.  In  titration,  as  the  end  point  is 
being  reached,  the  beaker  is  again  put  over  the  flame  and  brought  to  boiling  point, 
then  titrated  to  completion. 

To  test  the  accuracy  of  the  method  pure  uric  acid  is  added  to  feces  that  contain 
none.  The  average  determination  in  our  case  gave  98.2  percent  of  acid  recovered. 

The  piperidine  solution  is  standardized  with  uric  acid  which  is  purified  by  twice 
recrvstalizing  and  found  practically  pure. 

THE  PREPARATION  OF  PIPERIDINE  FROM  PYRIDINE 

AND  SODIUM 

Action  of  metallic  sodium  in  solution  of  pyridine  in  absolute  alcohol. 

Absolute  alcohol  was  made  from  95%  alcohol  by  dehydrating  it  with  calcium  oxide 
and  redistillation  at  80  degrees  to  90  degrees  C. 

One  hundred  cc.  pyridine  was  dissolved  in  1800  cc.  of  absolute  alcohol  and  156  gms. 
of  metallic  sodium  gradually  added  till  all  was  dissolved.  Sodium  ethylate  was  re¬ 
moved  by  filtration  three  times  during  the  adding  of  the  sodium. 

Excess  alcohol  was  distilled.  Portion  of  distillate  caught  at  80  degrees  to  82 
degrees  C.  and  was  saved  for  further  use. 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


21 


I  he  portion  of  the  distillate  caught  at  105  degrees  to  110  degrees  C.  was  saved  as 
piperidine. 

The  distillate  caught  between  105  degrees  to  110  degrees  C.  was  very  strongly  al¬ 
kaline  to  phenolphtalien  and  caused  uric  acid  to  dissolve,  decolonizing  the  phenol- 
phthalein  color. 

DISCUSSION 

The  constituents  of  mammalian  urine  are  classed  as  organic  and  inorganic.  The 
chief  organic  constituents  are  nitrogenuous  end  products— urea,  uric  acid,  hippuric 
acid,  creatin,  and  creatinin;  aromatic  compounds — benzoic  acid,  etherial  sulphates  of 
phenol,  cresol,  and  small  amounts  of  animo  acids,  allantoin,  purin  bases  and  coloring 
matter  and  mucous8;  salts  consisting  of  sulphates,  phosphates  and  chlorides  of  sodium 
potassium,  calcium,  and  magnesium. 

The  total  nitrogen  of  the  urine  consists  of  urea  nitrogen,  uric  acid  nitrogen,  ammonia 
nitrogen  and  creatinin  nitrogen. 

Creatinin  is  liydrolized  creatin.  It  has  been  generally  considered  that  creatinin  of 
the  urine  arises  from  the  creatin  of  the  muscles.  In  alkaline  urine  creatin  appears 
in  greater  quantity  while  the  reverse  is  the  case  with  strongly  acid  urine.9 

Urea  originates  in  the  body  partly  from  retrograde  tissue  metamorphosis,  includ¬ 
ing  the  blood,  and  partly  from  splitting  up  of  unassimilated  nitrogenuous  principles 
of  the  food. 

Uric  acid  in  birds  is  formed  in  the  liver  from  ammonia  compounds  and  lactic  acid. 
It  is  formed  from  the  splitting  of  nucleoproteins10.  These  nuclein  bodies  are  compounds 
of  protein  with  nucleic  acid,  the  latter  constituent  sp  itting  up  into  thymic  acid  and 
derivatives  of  purin  among  which  is  uric  acid,  xanthin,  hypozanthin,  etc 

The  ammonia  salts  present  in  urine  are  an  index  to  the  neutralization  of  acids  in 
the  body.  The  acid  substances  are  produced  as  the  result  of  metabolism.  When  they 
are  in  excess  there  is  an  increase  in  the  ammonia  of  the  urine,  the  formation  of  am¬ 
monia  in  the  muscles  being  the  natural  protection  of  the  body  against  acid  poisoning. 

Hippuric  acid  is  a  product  of  herbivora. 

Xanthin  is  contained  in  human  urine. 

Brown  says  that  the  nitrogenuous  substances  of  birds’  urine,  aside  from  ammonia 
urate,  are  present  in  exceedingly  small  quantities.  In  fact  it  must  be  borne  in  mind 
that  the  creatinin,  hippuric  acid,  purin  bases,  etc.,  are  present  in  mammalian  urine 
in  relatively  minute  quantities,  and  this  is  conspicuously  brought  out  when  the  amount 
of  such  extractives  are  calculated  per  kilo  weight.  Hence  the  urine  of  animals  of  so 
low  a  body  weight  as  poultry  would  contain  in  all  probabilities  but  minimal  amounts 
of  such  exactives  if  present  at  all.  In  view  o.  these  considerations  very  large  quanti¬ 
ties  of  excrement  would  be  required  to  demonstrate  the  presence  o.  such  bodies. 

Meissner,  in  1881,  found  in  hens  fed  on  meat  the  urine  yielded  creatin  but  no  crea¬ 
tinin.  Only  minute  amounts  were  eliminated  by  the  grain-fed  birds,  and  in  manv 
cases  its  presence  could  not  be  satis. actorily  demonstrated.  Liver-fed  hens  produced 
less  than  those  fed  on  meat  When  creatin  was  given  hypodermically  it  was  practical¬ 
ly  all  recovered  as  such  in  the  excrement.  He  claims  that  two  to  four  percent  of  the 
urinary  nitrogen  is  urea.  He  did  not  find  hippuric  acid  in  the  urine  of  hem. 

Milroy  says  that  urine  of  hens  may  contain  in  very  small  quantities  purin  bases. 


8  Smith,  Col.  F.,  Veterinary  Physiology,  p.  292. 

9  Purdy,  Practical  Urine  Analysis,  p  36. 

10  Webster,  Diagnostic  Methods,  p  218. 


22 


N\  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Owing  to  the  smallness  and  shortness  of  the  large  intestine  and  the  rapidity  of  the 
digestive  processes  of  the  hen  and  the  quick  passing  out  of  the  fecal  matter,  there 
would  be  expected  to  be  a  relatively  small  amount  of  putrefaction  and  hence  small 
amounts  of  indol,  skatol,  and  bodies  of  that  type. 

Cristiani  detected  etenol  sulphuric  acid  in  a  hen’s  urine  after  a  meat  diet  and  found 
that  the  injection  of  indol  leads  to  the  excretion  in  the  form  of  indoxylsulphuric  acid. 

THE  ASII  INTAKE  AND  ASH  OUTGO  AND  ITS  EFFECT  UPON  THE 
QUESTION  OF  COEFFICIENTS  OF  FEEDING 
STUFFS  WITH  POULTRY 

During  the  time  when  the  first  series  of  digestion  coefficients  were  being  summar¬ 
ized  it  was  observed  that  a  rather  large  percentage  of  ash  was  found  in  the  excrement. 
As  shown  in  an  earlier  part  of  this  paper  grit  is  continually  being  voided. 

An  unsuccessful  effort  was  made  to  separate  the  grit  from  the  excreta,  both  sieve 
and  forces  methods  being  used.  It  was  decided  to  then  carry  on  a  series  of  experiments 
extending  over  a  period  of  twelve  months  to  determine  the  fate  of  grit  in  the  body  of 
the  fowl. 

The  analytical  method  consisted  of  the  following  proceedings: 

Six  hens  were  brought  off  range  from  the  poultry  plant  of  the  Station  and  placed 
in  the  feeding  coops  used  for  the  digestion  coefficient  feeding  experiments.  The  hens 
were  numbered  one  to  six,  inclusive. 

The  following  mash  and  grain  rations  were  fed: 

MASH 


Wheat  middlings _ 60  pounds 

Ground  oats _  10  pounds 

Corn  meal _  15  pounds 

Meat  scrap _  15  pounds 


GRAIN 


Corn _  50  pounds 

Oats _  50  pounds 


The  mash  had  an  ash  content  of  4.1  percent.  The  grain  mixture  had  an  ash  content 
of  2.1  percent.  On  the  th  rteenth  day  of  this  experiment  a  new  batch  of  mash  was 
secured  having  the  same  feeds,  but  having  an  ash  content  of  4.7  percent. 

The  hens  were  fed  mash  in  the  morning  and  grain  in  the  afternoon.  The  excreta 
was  collected  every  twenty-four  hours,  dried  at  a  temperature  of  106  degrees  C.  in 
an  electric  oven  and  weighed.  The  excreta  was  then  finely  pulverized  in  an  iron 
mortar.  From  this  finely  pulverized  excrement  0.5  gm.  sample  was  taken  and  an 
ash  determination  made  according  to  the  Official  Method  of  Analysis,  Bulletin  No. 
107,  revised,  Bureau  of  Chemistry,  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture.  The  ash  deter¬ 
minations  were  always  made  in  duplicate  and  were  required  to  check  within  0.3  of 
one  percent. 

There  will  be  given  here  only  the  final  summary  table  showing  the  percent  feed 
digested  during  the  normal  four  day  digestion  period  and  the  percent  digested  when 
the  excess  ash  is  taken  into  consideration  with  hens  1,  3,  5,  and  6.  The  difference 
being  the  final  correction  factor  to  be  applied  to  the  digestion  coefficients  tables  for 
poultry. 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


23 


TABLE  I 


Summary  Table  Showing  Ash  Intake  and  Ash  Outgo  of  Five  Hens 


Days 

Total 

Amount 

Feed 

Total 

Amount 

Excrement* 

Percent 

Digested 

Total 

Amount 

Excess 

Ash 

Percent 

Digested 

Difference 

in 

Percent 

5th _ 

226 

85,9 

61,97 

4,35 

64,06 

2,09 

6th  . 

230 

,  102,0 

55,23 

6,86 

58,31 

3,08 

7th _ 

248 

105,8 

56,34 

6.71 

59,28 

2,94 

8th  _  _  _ 

256 

99,5 

60.95 

6,07 

63,39 

2,44 

T otal  and  averages  .  

060 

393.2 

58.62 

24,17 

61,26 

2,64** 

*ln  grains. 

**FinaI  correction  factor. 


From  this  table  it  is  seen  that  the  correction  factor  under  the  conditions  under 
which  these  experiments  were  run  is  2.64  percent.  That  is  the  average  ash  thrown 
off  in  the  form  of  grit  between  the  fourth  and  eigth  days  amounted  to  2.64  percent. 

Graph  3  from  hen  3  is  given  as  it  is  an  average  result  and  will  illustrate  the  curve  of 
ash  intake  and  outgo  from  the  first  day  off  of  grit  to  the  one  hundredth  day  and  then 
what  happens  when  grit  is  then  given  and  then  to  the  114th  day. 

Hen  No.  3  represented  in  the  graph  consumed  1.1  grams  of  ash  in  the  feed  the  first 
day  and  gave  off  2.2  grams  of  ash.  The  ash  outgo  increased  until  the  fourth  day, 
when  it  reached  3.5  gm.  From  the  fourth  to  the  twelfth  day  it  consistently  decreased 
until  on  the  twelfth  day  the  ash  outgo  was  three-tenths  of  a  gram  less  than  the  ash 
intake.  From  the  twelfth  to  the  one-hundred-second  day  the  intake  and  outgo  lines 
are  constantly  crossing  and  recrossing  each  other.  On  the  one  hundredth  day  a  cup 
of  grit  was  placed  before  the  bird.  There  was  an  increase  in  ash  outgo  from  the 
one  hundred  and  first  to  the  one  hundred  and  third  day,  there  was  then  a  slight  drop 
till  the  one  hundred  and  sixth  day  and  a  continuous  increase  from  the  one  hundred 
and  sixth  to  the  one  hundred  and  fourteenth  day  when  the  experiment  was  discon¬ 
tinued. 

A  summary  study  of  all  the  tests  show  that  the  ash  outgo  for  the  first  twelve  days 
is  always  greater  than  the  ash  intake,  thus  indicating  that  the  residual  amount  ol  ash 
is  reached  on  or  about  the  twelfth  day.  The  graphs  also  show  that  as  long  as  the  bird 
is  deprived  of  grit  that  the  intake  and  outgo  lines  cont  nuously  cross  each  other,  but 
upon  giving  the  bird  free  access  to  grit  on  the  second  day  there  is  a  considerable 
increase  in  the  ash  outgo  over  that  of  the  intake  in  the  feed. 


This  indicates  that  when  the  bird  has  free  access  to  grit  on  range  that  she  is  contin¬ 
uously  taking  in  new  and  fresh  grit. 

Thus  in  Table  I  is  given  a  final  summary  of  the  amount  of  feed  con  umed  during 
each  day  of  the  normal  four  day  digestion  period,  total  amount  of  excrement  voided 
and  the  percent  of  feed  digested.  4  he  total  amount  of  excess  ash  voided  each  day, 
the  percent  digested  when  the  excess  ash  is  taken  into  consideration  and  the  difference 
is  the  correction  factor.  During  the  four  day  normal  digestion  period  the  five  hens 
consumed  960  gms.  feed.  They  gave  off  393.2  gms.  excrement,  showing  58.62  percent 
digested.  They  gave  off  24.17  gms.  more  ash  than  they  took  in  in  the  feed.  When  the 
excess  ash  was  deducted  from  the  excrement  and  the  percent  feed  digested  it  shows 
that  61.26  percent  is  digested.  A  difference  of  2.64  percent.  This  is  the  final  correction 
factor  to  be  applied  to  the  digestive  coefficient  tables. 


HEN  No 


24 


N.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


(continued) 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds  etc 


25 


GRAMS  LBS. 


26 


TvT.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


THE  FATE  OF  GRIT  IN  THE  FOWL 

Since  the  fowl  has  no  teeth  with  which  to  grind  its  feed  it  is  common  knowledge 
that  the  muscular  walls  of  the  gizzard  contracting  upon  its  contents,  namely,  food 
and  grit,  reduces  the  food  to  fineness.  The  problem  is  to  make  an  effort-  to  determine 
how  long  such  grit  is  useful  in  the  gizzard  and  how  often  it  must  be  replenished.  Does 
a  hen  constantly  consume  more  than  she  really  requires,  and  if  so,  is  there  a  tendency 
to  a  residual  amount  constantly  kept  in  the  gizzard? 

I  owls  of  the  American  breeds  were  used  in  the  experiment.  Only  hens  were  tested 
and  birds  two  to  three  years  old  were  used  in  the  test.  The  hem,  could  not  be  expected 
to  lay  under  the  conditions  in  which  they  were  required  to  be  kept. 

Thirty-six  hens,  all  Barred  Plymouth  Rocks,  were  kept  in  coops  eighteen  inches 
square  The  coops  were  provided  with  one  inch  mesh  wire  netting  bottoms  so  that  the 
excreta  would  immediately  pass  through  to  a  second  floor  as  soon  as  voided.  This 
prevented  a  possible  reconsumption  of  any  grit  passed  in  the  excreta.  Hens  were  killed 
at  different  times  and  the  gizzard  content  examined  for  the  grit  which  still  remained. 

Analyses  of  the  intake  and  outgo  of  the  feed,  and  the  weight  of  the  birds,  were  taken 
as  an  indication  as  to  whether  the  grit  content  of  the  gizzard  was  sufficient  for  normal 
physiological  process  of  that  organ. 

The  feed  for  365  days,  the  duration  of  the  test,  consisted  of  regular  scratch  feed 
and  dry  mash  used  on  the  College  and  Station  poultry  plant. 

Since  the  detail  tables  are  quite  voluminous  it  is  thought  best  to  give  only  the 
summary  table  and  to  show  the  entire  series  of  tubes  showing  the  amount  of  grit 
left  in  the  gizzard  at  the  end  of  the  various  periods.  The  following  tabulation  will 
serve  the  purpose  of  a  comparative  study  of  the  amount  of  grit. 


TABLE  II 

The  Amount  of  Grit  Remaining  in  the  Gizzards  of  Hens  at  the  End  of  Each  Period 


Number  Days 
Without  Grit 

Weight  of  Hens 
at  Start  (lbs.) 

Weight  of  Hen 
When  Killed 

Weight  of  Grit 
in  Grams 

Remarks 

14 

5.2 

5.4 

9.5012 

Killed 

14 

6.4 

6.3 

13.1136 

Killed 

21 

4.5 

4.8 

8.3126 

Killed 

21 

5.3 

5.8 

16.9326 

Killed 

28 

4.6 

4.9 

11.8763 

Killed 

28 

7.0 

7.3 

22.6531 

Killed 

36 

4.8 

5.7 

16.4389 

Killed 

36 

2.7 

4.0 

5.0378 

Killed 

42 

7.0 

4.2 

8.4531 

Died  of  Sarcoma 

93 

3.6 

3.2 

11.6341 

Killed 

120 

3.8 

6.2 

4.9643 

Killed 

124 

5.8 

6.1 

5.6321 

Killed 

143 

5.6 

4.9 

4.7532 

Died  of  Mites 

144 

7.0 

5.8 

9.5923 

Killed 

150 

5.7 

5. 7 

6.5120 

Died  of  Mites 

153 

7.1 

5.6 

4.5644 

Died  of  Mites 

154 

6.5 

5.5 

5.9633 

Killed 

156 

6.8 

5.8 

14.0326 

Died  of  Mites 

170 

2 

2 

9.8670* 

Died 

248 

6.2 

6.1 

2.5200 

Killed 

270 

6.3 

6.6 

5.0000 

Killed 

300 

5.7 

5.9 

3.9525 

Killed 

330 

5.1 

6.1 

1.9530 

Killed 

365 

6.2 

5.2 

2.5610 

Killed 

375 

6.7 

7.1 

5.8915 

Killed 

♦This  cockerel  was  sent  to  the  laboratory  when  about  two  pounds  in  weight.  It  remained  in  the  coop 
till  it  died  on  the  170th  day  after  coming  to  the  hospital.  It  was  affected  with  partial  paralysis  rom 


which  it  never  entirely  recovered. 


28 


]NT.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


DISCUSSION 

The  feed  records  show  that  the  appetite  kept  up  fairly  well  for  birds  not  having 
exercise.  This  is  of  interest  in  view  of  the  fact  that  it  is  a  check  on  the  hens  which 
were  used  in  the  digestive  coefficient  work  where  with  single  feeds  the  birds  soon  went 
off  feed.  In  these  cases  the  fowls  received  a  variety  of  feed. 

From  these  preliminary  tests  it  is  seen  that  a  bird  may  go  365  days  without  being- 
fed  grit,  and  have  plenty  of  grit  remaining  in  its  gizzard  with  which  to  grind  its  feed. 
The  grit  that  had  remained  in  the  gizzard  365  days  appeared  just  as  sharp  as  that 
found  in  the  gizzard  at  the  commencement  of  the  tests.  In  fact  we  do  not  believe 
that  the  grinding  process  in  the  gizzard  of  the  fowl  is  one  of  sharp  cutting  processes, 
but  rather  the  following  process.  The  food  soaks  more  or  less  in  the  crop  depending 
on  the  length  of  time  it  remains  there.  The  food  passes  from  the  crop  through  the 
second  portion  of  the  esophagus  to  the  proventriculus  where  it  soaks  in  a  strong  acid 
secretion.  From  the  proventriculus  the  food  passes  into  the  gizzard  where  the  muscles 
of  the  walls  of  the  gizzard  contract,  squeezing  the  soaked  grain  among  the  grit  and 
by  a  squeezing  rotary  motion  the  food  is  reduced  to  fineness  and  is  more  like  the  action 
of  a  ball  mill.  Birds  hold  their  weight  and  remain  perfectly  healthy  on  either  sharp 
or  dull  grit. 

There  is  a  tendency  for  a  fowl  to  eat  more  grit  than  is  essential  for  grinding  the  food. 
In  another  series  of  experiments  we  have  shown  that  the  amount  of  mineral  given 
off  for  the  first  twelve  days  was  much  more  than  that  taken  in.  Further  experiments 
showed  that  this  was  due  to  the  grit  passed  off  from  the  gizzard.  While  there  is  a 
tendency  to  pass  off  the  excess  grit  and  to  keep  a  residual  amount,  yet  the  amount 
retained  varies  greatly  with  different  individuals. 

One  hen  at  the  end  of  365  days  had  5.89  grams  of  grit,  as  much  as  one  of  the  hens 
that  was  killed  for  examination  on  the  thirty-sixth  day.  One  hen  that  died  on  the 
one  hundred  and  fifty-sixth  day  had  14.03  gms.,  or  more  than  that  contained  by  the 
gizzards  of  the  hens  killed  on  the  fourteenth  day  and  twenty-first  day.  As  shown  by 
the  health  of  the  birds,  a  fowl  may  go  longer  than  a  year  without  replenishing  her  grit. 


ETC. 


29 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds, 


Fig.  9.  Amount  of  Grit  Remaining  in  the  Gizzards  of  Hens  at  the  End  of 

Each  Period. 


Hen 

No. 

1, 

killed 

14th 

day. 

Wt. 

gizzard, 

13.00 

gms. 

Wt. 

grit, 

9.50 

gms. 

Hen 

No. 

2, 

killed 

14th 

day. 

wt. 

gizzard, 

21.00 

gras. 

Wt. 

grit,  13.11 

gms. 

Hen 

No. 

3, 

killed 

21st 

day. 

wt. 

gizzard, 

12.01 

gms. 

wt. 

grit, 

8.31 

gms. 

Hen 

No. 

4, 

killed 

21st 

day. 

wt. 

gizzard, 

19.03 

gms. 

wt. 

grit,  16.93 

gms. 

Hen 

No. 

5. 

killed 

28th 

day. 

wt. 

gizzard, 

13.46 

gms. 

wt. 

grit,  11.87 

gms. 

Hen 

No. 

6. 

killed 

28th 

day. 

wt. 

gizzard, 

28.19 

gms. 

wt. 

grit,  22.65 

gms. 

30 


~N.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Fig.  10.  Amount  of  Grit  Remaining  in  the  Gizzards  of  Hens  at  the  End  of 


Each  Period. 


Hen  No.  7,  killed  36th  day. 
Hen  No.  8,  killed  36th  day. 
Hen  No.  9,  killed  42d  day. 
Hen  No.  10,  killed  79th  day. 
Hen  No.  11,  killed  93d  day. 
Hen  No.  12,  killed  120th  day. 


Wt.  gizzard,  19.00  gms. 
Wt.  gizzard,  7.10  gms. 
Wt.  gizzard,  14.13  gms. 
Wt.  gizzard,  20.76  gms. 
Wt.  gizzard,  15.43  gms. 
Wt.  gizzard,  9.63  gms. 


Wt. 

grit, 

16.43 

gms. 

wt. 

grit, 

5.03 

gms. 

wt. 

grit, 

8.46 

gms. 

wt. 

grit, 

6.37 

gms. 

wt. 

grit, 

11.63 

gms. 

wt. 

grit, 

4.96 

gms. 

ETC. 


31 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds, 


Fig.  11.  Amount  of  Grit  Remaining  in  the  Gizzards  of  Hens  at  the  End  of 

Each  Period. 


Hen  No.  13,  killed  124th  day. 
Hen  No.  14,  killed  143d  day. 
Hen  No.  15,  killed  143d  day. 
Hen  No.  16,  killed  144th  day. 
Hen  No.  17,  killed  150th  day. 
Hen  No.  18,  killed  154th  day. 


Wt.  gizzard, 
Wt.  gizzard, 
Wt.  gizzard, 
Wt.  gizzard, 
Wt.  gizzard, 
Wt.  gizzard, 


14.13  gms. 
9.86  gms. 
9.86  gms. 
13.23  gms. 
11.96  gms. 
11.76  gms. 


Wt.  grit, 
Wt.  grit, 
Wt.  grit, 
Wt.  grit, 
Wt.  grit, 
Wt.  grit, 


5.63  gms. 
4.75  gms. 
4.75  gms. 
9.59  gms. 
6.51  gms. 
5. 96  gms. 


32 


E".  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Fig.  12.  Amount  of  Grit  Remaining  in  the  Gizzards  of  Hens  at  the  End  of 

Each  Period. 


Hen  No.  19,  killed  156th  day. 
Hen  No.  20,  killed  170th  day. 
Hen  No.  21,  killed  248th  day. 
Hen  No.  22,  killed  270th  day. 


Wt.  gizzard,  17.36  gms. 
Wt.  gizzard,  14.93  gms. 
Wt.  gizzard,  4.51  gms. 
Wt.  gizzard,  10.46  gms. 


Wt.  grit,  14.05  gms. 
Wt.  grit,  9.86  gms. 
Wt.  grit,  2.52  gms. 
Wt.  grit,  5.00  gms. 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


Fig.  13.  Amount  of  Grit  Remaining  in  the  Gizzards  of  Hens  at  the  End  of 


Each  Period. 


Hen 

Hen 

Hen 

Hen 


No. 

23, 

killed 

300th 

day. 

Wt. 

gizzard, 

10.00 

gms. 

Wt. 

grit, 

3.95 

gms. 

No. 

24, 

killed 

330th 

day. 

Wt. 

gizzard, 

6.53 

gms. 

Wt. 

grit, 

1.93 

gms. 

No. 

25, 

killed 

365th 

day. 

Wt. 

gizzard, 

7.10 

gms. 

Wt. 

grit, 

2.56 

gms. 

No. 

26, 

killed 

365th 

day. 

Wt. 

gizzard, 

9.97 

gms. 

Wt. 

grit, 

5.89 

gms. 

33 


Poul. — 3 


34 


N.  C.  Agricultural  -Experiment  Station 


TABLE  III 

Palatability  of  Single  Feeds  and  Combinations 


Kind  of  Feed 


Wheat  middlings 


Corn _ 

Wheat _ 

Oats _ _ _ 

Corn  meal  (bolted) _ 

Beef  scrap  and  bone  meal,  1-3 

Corn  meal — 2-3 . . . 

Tankage — 20%  Cornmeal — 80% 

Blood  meal — 20%,  Corn  meal — 

80% - 

Buttermilk  (dried), — 20%, 

Cornmeal — 80% _ 

Soybean  meal  (fat  extracted) 

— 1-3,  Corn  meal — 2-3 _ 

Peanut  meal — 1-3,  Corn  meal 

-2-3: _ _ 

Fish  meal-20%,  Corn  meal-80% 
Cottonseed  meal  — -1-3,  Corn 

meal — 2-3 _ 

Corn  meal  (unbolted) _ 

Wheat  middlings _ 

Rye - - 

Rye — 1-4,  Corn — 3-4 _ 

Rye — 50%,  Corn  meal — 50%. _. 

Hulled  Oats _ 

Buckwheat — 1-4,  Corn  meal — 3-4 

Rice — 1-4,  Corn  meal — 3-4 _ 

Kafir  corn — 1-4,  Corn  meal-3-4 
Barley — 1-4,  Corn  meal— 3-4. __ 
Wheat  Middlings — 1-4,  Corn 
meal — 3-4 _ 


Letter 

No. 

Breed  Used 

No. 

Started 

No. 

Finished 

Percent 

Finished 

A 

White  P.  Rocks  .  _ _  .. 

Buff  Rocks _ 

Buff  Orpingtons _  _ 

9 

9 

100 

B 

Buff  Rock _ _ _  ..  . 

12 

5 

41 

C 

White  Rock,  Buff  Rocks _ 

24 

6 

25 

D 

Buff  Orpington _  _  . 

12 

6 

50 

E 

Buff  Plymouth  Rock _ 

12 

5 

41 

F 

White  Plymouth  Rock _ 

6 

2 

33 

G 

White  Plymouth  Rock. _ 

Buff  Orpingtons _ _ 

6 

2 

33 

H 

Buff  Plymouth  Rock _  _ 

6 

4 

66 

I 

Partridge  Plymouth  Rocks . 

6 

5 

83 

J 

Barred  Plymouth  Rocks _ 

6 

5 

83 

K 

Barred  Plymouth  Rocks _ 

6 

5 

83 

M 

S.  C.  Rhode  Island  Reds _ 

6 

5 

83 

N 

Golden  Wyandotte. _  _ _ 

6 

4 

66 

O 

Barred  Plymouth  Rocks _ 

6 

3 

50 

P 

Buff  Orpingtons _  . 

12 

6 

50 

Q 

Silver  Pencil  Wyandotte 
Barred  Rocks...  .  _ 

6 

0 

00 

Q 

Silver  Penciled  Wyandottes. 

6 

3 

50 

Q 

Silver  Penciled  Wyandottes. 

6 

0 

00 

R 

R.  I.  Reds _  .  . 

6 

5 

83 

s 

Barred  Plymouth  Rocks _ 

6 

6 

100 

T 

Rhode  Island  Reds _  . 

6 

5 

83 

U 

Silver  Penciled  Wyandottes. 

6 

5 

83 

V 

Buff  Orpingtons  _ . 

3 

2 

66 

w 

Barred  Plymouth  Rocks _ 

4 

3 

75 

Single  Feed _ 

105 

48 

45.7 

Combination _ 

79 

53 

67.4 

Total 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


35 


BEHAVIOR  OF  BIRDS  ON  SINGLE  FEEDS 


The  palatability  of  single  feeds  as  shown  by  our  feeding  tests  is  of  considerable 
interest.  In  selecting  our  fowls  we  chose  mature  hens  of  lymphatic  temperament. 
Such  hens  did  not  worry  in  confinement.  It  appears  that  the  appetite  of  fowls  does 
not  always  hold  up  well  on  a  single  feed  as  it  does  on  a  variety. 

The  feeding  tests  were  run  in  series  of  six  hens  each,  one  hen  in  each  cage  as  pre¬ 
viously  described.  The  feeding  tests  extended  over  a  period  of  eight  days.  The  birds 
were  given  a  definite  number  of  grams  of  the  feed  at  7:30  a.  m.  and  4:30  p.  m. 

The  breeds  of  fowls  used  in  these  tests  were  Buff  and  White  Plymouth  Rocks  and 
Buff  Orpingtons.  In  the  first  series  one  hundred  percent  finished  and  the  second 
series  fifty  percent  finished  the  test.  It  is  also  of  interest  to  note  that  in  the  test  with 
wheat  middlings  and  corn  meal,  of  the  four  that  started,  three,  or  75  percent,  finished 
the  test.  Wheat  middling  has  a  tendency  to  cause  a  looseness  of  the  bowel  on  about 
the  fourth  day.  This  seemingly  has  a  tendency  to  cause  the  bowel  to  unload. 

Of  the  twelve  Buff  Plymouth  Rock  hens  that  started  on  corn,  but  five,  or  41  percent, 
finished.  This  put  wheat  middlings  in  these  tests  ahead  of  corn  in  palatability. 

Of  the  twenty-four  White  and  Buff  Plymouth  Rock  hens  starting  on  wheat  but 
six,  or  25  percent,  finished  which  was  the  lowest  percent  of  any  of  the  tests  to  go 
through. 

Of  the  twelve  Buff  Orpington  hens  starting  on  oats,  six,  or  fifty  .percent,  finished, 
putting  oats  slightly  ahead  of  either  corn  or  wheat. 

Of  the  twelve  Buff  Plymouth  Rocks  starting  on  bolted  corn  meal,  only  five,  or 
41  percent,  finished,  putting  it  in  the  class  of  corn,  while  of  the  six  Buff  Plymouth 
Rock  hens  starting  on  unbolted  corn  meal,  three,  or  fifty  percent,  finished. 

Of  the  six  Silver  Penciled  Wyandottes  starting  on  rye  and  corn  meal  none  finished, 
but  of  six  Partridge  Plymouth  Rocks  starting  on  rye  and  corn  meal  in  a  third 
test,  three,  or  fifty  percent  finished.  Thus  of  eighteen  hens  starting  on  rye  in  full  or 
as  part  feed  only  three  or  sixteen  percent  finished.  The  hens  on  100  percent  rye 
developed  mild  diarrhoea  on  the  second  day  and  severe  diarrhoea  by  the  fifth  day. 
The  hens  on  fifty  percent  rye  and  fifty  percent  corn  meal  developed  mild  diarrhoea 
by  the  fourth  day  but  the  diarrhoea  did  not  become  severe.  The  hens  on  25  percent 
rye  and  75  percent  corn  meal  did  not  develop  diarrhoea. 

Of  the  three  Buff  Orpington  hens  starting  on  one-fourth  part  of  barley  and  three- 
fourths  part  corn  meal ,  two,  or  66  percent,  finished. 


Of  the  six  Silver  Penciled  Wyandottes  starting  on  Kafir  corn  one-fourth  part, 
and  corn  meal  three-fourths  part,  five,  or  83  percent,  finished. 

Of  the  six  S.  C.  Rhode  Island  Red  hens  starting  on  one-fourth  part  rice  and  three- 
fourths  part  corn  meal,  five,  or  83  percent,  finished,  thus  putting  rice  high  as  a  desira- 
ble  feed  from  a  tolerance  standpoint. 


Slightly  better  than  rice  was  buckwheat.  Six  Barred  Plymouth  Rock  hens  were 
placed  on  buckwheat  one-fourth  part  and  corn  meal  three-fourths  part  with  100  per¬ 


cent  finishing  the  test. 


Of  six  S.  C.  Rhode  Island  Red  hens  starting  on  hulled  oats,  five,  or  83  percent 
•finicLori  nlar'incr  hnllp.d  oats  ahead  of  oats. 


standpoint. 


36 


N\  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Of  six  Barred  Plymouth  Rock  hens  starting  on  peanut  meal  one-third  and  corn 
meal  two-thirds,  five,  or  83  percent,  finished. 

Of  six  Barred  Plymouth  Rock  hens  starting  on  soybean  meal  one-third  and  corn 
meal  two-thirds,  five,  or  83  percent,  finished,  thus  placing  both  soybean  and  peanut 
meals  high  from  a  tolerance  standpoint.  This  corresponds  with  our  many  practical 
feeding  tests  with  these  two  feeds. 

Of  six  Partridge  Plymouth  Rocks  starting  on  twenty  percent  dried  buttermilk  and 
eighty  percent  corn  meal,  five,  or  83  percent,  finished. 

Of  six  Buff  Plymouth  Rock  hens  starting  on  20  percent  dried  blood  and  80  percent 
corn,  four,  or  66  percent,  finished. 

Of  six  White  Plymouth  Rock  and  Buff  Orpington  hens  starting  on  digester 
tankage  20  percent  and  corn  meal  80  percent,  two,  or  33  percent,  finished.  This  cor¬ 
responds  to  our  various  series  of  practical  feeding  tests  that  digester  tankage,  at  least 
some  batches,  is  hard  on  fowls. 

Of  six  White  Plymouth  Rock  hens  starting  on  beef  scrap  and  bone  meal  one-third 
part  and  corn  meal  two-thirds  part,  two,  or  33  percent,  finished. 

In  a  study  of  these  tests  it  appears  that  of  105  hens  that  started  the  various  tests, 
but  48  or  45.7  percent,  finished  the  test.  Of  the  70  started  on  two  feeds,  53,  or  67.4 
percent,  finished  the  test.  From  a  tolerance  standpoint  the  odds  are  in  favor  of  more 
than  one  feed  against  the  single  feed. 

SUMMARY  OF  THE  DIGESTIVE  COEFFICIENT  STUDIES 

In  a  review  of  research  literature  we  find  but  eighty-nine  individual  digestion 
coefficient  tests  with  poultry.  To  this  we  have  added  101,  making  190  tests  to  date. 

The  digestion  coefficients  with  poultry  were  studies  on  nineteen  feeds.  In  the  case 
of  wheat  middlings  two  series  of  tests  were  run  with  middlings  alone  and  one  in  com¬ 
bination  with  unbolted  corn  meal.  Since  wheat  middlings  alone  tends  to  cause 
looseness  of  the  bowels,  it  was  the  desire  to  determine  if  this  in  any  way  influenced  the 
accuracy  of  the  work.  To  test  this  point  a  series  of  experiments  were  run  with  a 
combination  of  wheat  middlings  and  unbolted  corn  meal.  In  the  case  of  wheat  mid¬ 
dlings  alone  the  average  digestible  organic  matter  is  shown  to  be  47.72  percent  and 
56.19  percent  with  an  average  of  51.95  percent,  while  in  combination  with  corn 
meal  the  percentage  digestible  organic  matter  was  59.78  percent. 

In  the  experiments  with  corn  meal  one  series  of  trials  was  run  with  bolted  and  anoth¬ 
er  series  with  unbolted  meal. 

Not  only  did  the  birds  stand  up  better  under  more  than  one  feed  but  apparently 
one  feed  favored  the  increased  digestion  of  the  other  feed.  Some  of  the  feeds,  as  rye 
and  middlings,  if  given  in  their  pure  form  cause  irritation  of  the  bowel  and  looseness 
and  still  others,  especially  those  of  the  animal  products  group,  as  digester  tankage, 
meat  and  bone  meal,  blood  meal,  dried  buttermilk,  and  fish  meal  are  so  concentrated 
that  it  is  necessary  to  give  them  with  other  feeds  in  the  digestive  tests.  In  our  work 
we  used  unbolted  corn  meal  as  shown  in  the  tables.  Digestion  tests  had  previously 
been  run  with  the  corn  meal  to  determine  its  digestibility. 

Crost  in  1900  gave  as  his  results  that  the  crude  protein  of  barley  and  rye  was  more 
digestable  than  that  of  oats.  We  cannot  confirm  this  result  as  in  two  tests  with  barley 
72.77  percent  of  the  protein  was  digested,  while  in  three  tests  with  rye  there  was  71.85 
percent  digested  and  in  six  tests  with  oats  there  was  73.49  percent  digested  or  slightly 
greater  digestion  of  protein  in  oats  than  in  either'barley  or  rye,  which  is  the  reverse 
of  his  findings.  Crost  further  states  that  the  crude  fiber  of  barley  and  oats  was 
absorbed  to  a  slight  degree,  but  more  in  the  case  of  rye.  In  our  case  4.33  percent  fiber 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  F 


37 


EEDS,  etc. 


was  digested  in  barley  and  in  rye  4.68  percent  and  in  oats  11.69  per  cent.  In  our  work 
the  fiber  of  oats  ranked  first,  rye  second,  with  barley  closely  following.  Crost  states 
that  the  availability  of  the  fat  in  rye  is  very  low  as  compared  with  the  fat  in  oats  and 
barley.  In  this  we  agree  as  the  digestibility  of  the  fat  of  rye  was  but  27.87  percent, 
64.36  for  barley,  and  74.42  for  oats. 

Brown  in  1904  concludes  from  his  experiments  that  fowls  digest  crude  protein  and 
nitrogen-free-extract  in  much  greater  proportions  in  corn  than  in  oats,  and  that 
wheat  falls  between  the  two.  In  our  experiments  in  five  tests  with  corn  there  was  a 
total  of  83.9  percent  organic  matter  digested  and  with  wheat  in  six  digestion  trials 
ranking  second  and  oats  third  with  63.78  percent.  As  to  protein,  oats  rank  first 
with  73.49  percent  digested,  corn  second  with  68.71  percent,  and  wheat  third  with 
61.70  per  cent  digested.  As  to  nitrogen-free-extract,  corn  ranks  first  with  89.40  percent 
digested,  oats  second  with  88.18  percent,  and  wheat  third  with  86.78  percent.  Wheat 
shows  a  low  percentage  digestible  fat  being  only  37. 76  percent,  and  oats  74.42  percent. 
This  latter  corresponds  to  Brown’s  findings.  The  nutritive  value  of  these  three  grains 
we  place  in  the  order  of  corn,  wheat,  oats.  The  low  fat  content  of  wheat,  it  being  but 
2.90  percent,  allows  of  wheat  being  placed  above  oats.  The  order  of  value  of  all 
grains  tested  based  on  quantity  of  digestible  nutrients  as  indicated  in  these  tests  is: 
corn,  hulled  oats,  wheat,  kafir  corn,  rye,  barley,  oats,  buckwheat,  and  rice. 

Our  tests  confirm  those  of  Bartlett  and  others,  that  fowls  digest  fiber  with  difficulty. 
The  percentage  of  fiber  varies  from  2.16  percent  in  five  tests  with  fat  extracted  soy¬ 
bean  meal  to  11.69  percent  in  oats.  It  is  quite  evident  that  the  fiber  content  of  poultry 
feeds  should  be  as  low  as  possible.  The  rapidity  of  digestion  in  fowls  may  be  the  reason 
for  the  low  digestibility  of  fiber.  Digestion  tests  with  livestock  show  that  the  animals 
with  the  longer  intestine  digest  fiber  more  readily.  The  low  digestibility  of  fat  and 
fiber  in  wheat  bran  leads  us  to  not  favor  its  use  as  general  and  in  such  quantities  as 
used  by  many  poultry  men. 

Wheat  middlings  is  at  the  foot  of  the  list  in  the  total  digestible  pounds  in  one  hun¬ 
dred  pounds.  This  is  true  studying  the  first  series  of  nine  digestion  trials  showing 
49.99  pounds  in  one  hundred  pounds,  the  second  series  of  six  tests  with  58.61  pounds, 
and  the  third  in  combination  with  corn  meal  with  61.70  pounds  in  each  one  hundred 
pounds.  The  average  of  these  eighteen  tests  is  56.76  pounds. 

With  the  exceptions  of  wheat  middlings,  meat  and  bone  meal,  digester  tankage,  and 
blood  meal  these  tests  show  that  fowls  are  more  efficient  in  the  digestion  of  nitrogen- 
free-extract  than  in  the  digestion  of  crude  protein  or  fat.  These  include  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  corn  meal  (bolted),  buttermilk,  (dried)  soybean  meal  (fat  extracted),  peanut 
meal  (fat  extracted),  cotton  seed  meal,  corn  meal  (unbolted),  rye,  hulled  oats,  buck¬ 
wheat,  rice,  kafir  corn,  and  barley.  They  are  more  efficient  in  digesting  fat  over 
protein  in  corn,  oats,  corn  meal  (bolted),  meat  and  bone  meal,  digester  tankage,  fish 
meal,  corn  meal  (unbolted),  hulled  oats,  buckwheat,  rice,  and  kafir  corn.  They  are 
more  efficient  in  the  digestion  of  protein  over  fat  in  wheat  middlings,  wheat,  blood 
meal,  buttermilk  (dried),  soybean  meal  (fat  extracted),  peanut  meal  (fat  extracted), 

cotton  seed  meal,  rye,  and  barley. 

In  studying  the  digestion  results  with  these  eighteen  feeds  we  note  that  the  feeds 
showing  the  highest  percentage  digestible  matter  are  those  low  in  fiber.  These  are 
among  the  grains  corn,  wheat,  hulled  oats,  rye,  and  kafir  corn  and  among  the  by-pro¬ 
ducts  corn  meal  and  fat  extracted  soybean  meal,  and  among  all  of  the  animal  products. 
Those  feeds  that  are  relatively  high  in  fiber,  such  as  wheat  middlings,  oats,  buckwheat, 
and  rice,  are  relatively  low  in  total  digestible  organic  matter.  This  reflects  the  ma bi  - 
*  ity  of  fowls  to  use  to  advantage  the  coarser  feed  stuffs  and  suggests  that  the  feed 


38 


N.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


mixtures  for  poultry  should  contain  relatively  small  proportions  of  such  feeds  as 
alfalfa  meal,  wheat  bran,  and  wheat  middlings.  It  is  believed  that  rations  that  carry 
a  low  percentage  of  fiber  wil  give  the  best  results. 

The  highest  percentage  of  digestion  of  protein  is  that  of  meat  and  bone  meal  with 
‘fish  meal  coming  a  close  second,  digester  tankage  ranks  third,  and  blood  meal  fourth, 
fat  extracted  soybean  fifth,  and  dried  buttermilk  sixth.  Fowls  assimilate  best  the 
protein  of  animal  products 

In  our  tests,  numbering  13  in  all,  the  protein  of  corn  meal  either  bolted  or  unbolted 
is  digested  to  better  advantage  than  that  of  whole  corn. 

Our  tests  show  88.18  percent  nitrogen-free-extract  digested  in  oats  in  six  tests  as 
compared  to  sixty-nine  by  other  authors  with  the  exception  of  Bartlett  who  gives 
90.10  percent.  Our  hulled  oats  experiment,  five  tests,  shows  86.22  percent  digested 
by  fowls.  The  feeds  high  in  nitrogen-free-extract  can  well  be  used  to  make  up  the 
starch  or  carbohydrate  part  of  our  poultry  feeds.  Such  feeds  are  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
and  kafir  corn.  Kafir  corn  makes  an  excellent  substitute  for  wheat  and  should  be 
used  more  if  the  price  permits. 

With  the  exception  of  wheat  and  wheat  middlings  the  digestion  of  fat  or  ether 
extract  is  no  more  variable  than  for  other  feeds.  Barley  is  only  moderately  low, 
having  64.36  percent  of  the  fat  digestible. 


TABLE  IV 

Showing  Composition  of  Poultry  Feeds  Used  in  These  Tests 


No. 

Samples 

Water 

Ash 

Crude 

Protein 

i 

Ci 

Fiber 

irbohydral 

N.F.Ext, 

.es 

Fat 

Wheat  middlings 

6 

9.22 

4.43 

14.93 

6.25 

61.06 

4.11 

Corn...  .  _  .  _  _ 

6 

10.29 

1.61 

10.30 

2.60 

70.10 

5.10 

Wheat.  _  _ _ 

6 

10.10 

2.0 

12.50 

3.10 

69.40 

2.90 

Oats  _ 

4 

11.65 

2.49 

11.62 

12.08 

59.14 

3.02 

Corn  meal  (bolted) . 

6 

13.13 

1.23 

10.10 

1.79 

68.10 

5.65 

Meat  and  bone  meal _ 

4 

4.52 

30.02 

38.06 

2.05 

11.47 

13.88 

Digester  tankage  _  _  - 

4 

6.4 

14.00 

58.20 

4.60 

2.70 

14.10 

Blood  meal  .  .  .  . 

4 

9.10 

3.70 

83. 10 

3.50 

0  60 

Butter  milk  (dried) _ _ 

4 

10.12 

6.42 

34.16 

48.31 

0.99 

Soybean  meal  (fat  extracted) 

4 

10.12 

5.36 

42.10 

5.70 

29.12 

7.60 

Peanut  meal  (fat  not  extrcd.) 

4 

6.10 

4.90 

21.30 

16.60 

15.50 

35.60 

Fish  meal.  .  _ _ 

4 

9.70 

31. 10 

49.30 

9.90 

Cottonseed  meal  ..  _ 

4 

8.30 

6.90 

40.30 

9.60 

26.80 

8.10 

Corn  meal  (unbolted) _ _  . 

4 

11.10 

2.00 

9.10 

2.90 

69.30 

5.60 

Wheat  middlings .  _  _ 

4 

9.40 

4.20 

16.90 

8.50 

55.90 

5.10 

Rye - 

4 

10.30 

2.20 

11.90 

3.40 

70.10 

2.10 

Hulled  oats..  .  _  . 

5 

8.20 

3.10 

13.90 

1.90 

64.20 

8.70 

Buckwheat  .  .  .  ... 

3 

10.50 

2.90 

11.10 

8.90 

63.60 

3.00 

Rice.  .  _  ..  .  _  .  . 

6 

8.90 

5.30 

8.10 

10.10 

65.60 

2.00 

Kafir  corn.  ......  _ 

6 

11.00 

2.10 

10.90 

3.00 

69.80 

3.20 

Barley _  .  .  _ _ 

4 

10.10 

3.20 

10.90 

5.00 

67.90 

2.90 

Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc.  39 

table  v 


Showing  Average  Digestibility  of  Poultry  Feeds  In  These  Tests 


Feed 

No. 

Trials 

Organic 

Matter 

Crude 

Protein 

Fat 

Carboh 

Fiber 

ydrates 

N.  F.  Ext. 

Wheat  middlings 

9 

47.72 

52.91 

54.09 

8.76 

49.99 

Corn _ 

5 

83.91 

68.71 

75.26 

5.86 

89.40 

Wheat  . _ 

6 

78.50 

61.70 

37.76 

6.40 

86.78 

Oats  . .  . 

6 

63.78 

73.49 

74.42 

11.69 

88.18 

Corn  meal  (bolted) 

5 

84.67 

74.04 

86.26 

6.66 

88.18 

Meat  and  bone  meal 

2 

86.82 

92.17 

93.13 

3.23 

76.56 

Digester  tankage  _ 

2 

85.50 

90.70 

91.71 

3.94 

81.88 

Blood  meal  _ 

4 

86.71 

88  10 

78  36 

71 

Buttermilk  (dried) 

5 

80.79 

81.55 

78.01 

81  14 

Soybean  meal  (fat  extracted) 

5 

77.61 

83.33 

81.41 

2.16 

83.14 

Peanut  meal  (fat  not  extracted) 

5 

65.94 

80.30 

78.41 

4.08 

84.14 

Fish  meal.  _  __ 

5 

91.60 

91.48 

92.24 

Cottonseed  meal  _ 

4 

73.32 

81.94 

79.05 

5.46 

82.92 

Corn  meal  (unbolted) . 

3 

83.21 

73.50 

84.50 

6.80 

8?.  60 

WTheat  middlings  _  _  _ 

6 

56.19 

75.43 

42.64 

10.20 

58.61 

Rye - 

3 

77.65 

71.85 

27.87 

4.68 

83.65 

Hulled  oats  _  _  _  _ _ 

5 

81.75 

69.83 

84.57 

4.91 

•86.22 

Buckwheat _  _ 

6 

70.39 

55.93 

83.73 

6.33 

81.25 

Rice  _ _ _  _  _ 

5 

69.17 

73.08 

80.00 

5.81 

78.93 

Kafir  corn _  _  __ 

5 

78.72 

68.56 

75.61 

4.45 

83.65 

Barley  ..  _  _  _  . 

2 

75.35 

72.77 

64.36 

4.33 

81.46 

Wheat  middlings _  .  _  _ _ _ 

3 

59.78 

77.57 

72.22 

4.05 

61.70 

TABLE  VI 

Showing  Average  Digestible  Nutrients  in  100  lbs.  of  Feed  in  These  Tests 


T  otal 
dry 

Matter 

lbs. 

Crude 

Fat 

Carbohydrates 

Total 

Feed 

Protein 

Lbs. 

Lbs. 

Fiber 

lbs. 

N.  F.  Ext. 
Lbs. 

lbs. 

Wheat  middlings  _  _ 

90.78 

7.98 

2.22 

0.55 

30.52 

41.27 

Corn  .  _  _  -  - 

89.71 

6.98 

3.84 

0.55 

62.67 

74.02 

Wheat _  -  _ 

89.90 

7.71 

1.09 

0.19 

60.22 

69.21 

Oats  -  -  -  - 

88.35 

8.53 

2.24 

1.41 

52.14 

64.32 

Corn  meal  (bolted)  . 

86.87 

7.47 

4.87 

0.11 

60.45 

72.90 

Meat  and  bone  meal  _  _ _ 

95.48 

35.07 

12.92 

0.07 

8.78 

56.84 

Digester  tankage  _  .  ...  -  - 

93.60 

52.78 

12.93 

0.18 

2.21 

68.10 

90.90 

73.21 

0.47 

2.50 

76.18 

Buttermilk  (dried)  ..  -- 

89.88 

27.85 

0.77 

39.19 

67.81 

Soybean  meal  (fat  extracted) - 

89.88 

35.08 

6.18 

0.12 

24.21 

65.59 

Peanut  meal  (fat  not  extracted).. 

93.90 

90.30 

17.10 

45.10 

27.91 

9.13 

0.67 

13.04 

58.72 

54.23 

Cottonseed  meal  _  _.  ....  . 

91.70 

33.02 

6.40 

0.52 

22.22 

62.16 

Corn  meal  (unbolted) ..  ...  - 

88.90 

6.67 

4.73 

0.20 

60.71 

72.31 

Wheat  middlings .  ...  -  - 

90.60 

12.75 

2.17 

0.87 

32.76 

48.55 

Rye - 

89.70 

8.55 

0.59 

0.16 

58.64 

67.94 

Hulled  oats - 

91.80 

9.71 

7.36 

0.09 

55.35 

72.51 

Buckwheat _ 

89.50 

6.21 

2.51 

0.36 

51.68 

60.96 

Rice .  .  -  - 

91.10 

5.92 

•  1.60 

0.64 

51.78 

59.94 

Kafir  corn - - 

89.00 

7.47 

2.42 

0.13 

58.47 

68.49 

Bariev _ 

89.90 

7.93 

1.87 

0.22 

55.31 

65.33 

Wheat  middlings - - - 

90.60 

13.11 

3.68 

0.34 

34.49 

51.62 

40 


1ST.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


KEY  TO  TABLES 

The  letter  of  the  alphabet  preceding  the  numeral  refers  to  the  feed  used,  the  numeral 
refers  to  the  hen  number  used  in  the  test  and  also  the  excrement  number.  Thus  A-l 
would  mean  wheat  middlings,  hen  No.  1  and  excrement  No.  1. 

A — Wheat  middlings. 

B— Corn. 

C— Wheat. 

D — Oats. 

«  E — Corn  meal  (bolted). 

F — Beef  scrap  1-3,  corn  meal  2-3. 

G — Tankage  20%,  corn  meal  80%. 

H — Blood  meal  20%,  corn  meal  80%. 

I — Buttermilk  (dried)  20%,  corn  meal  80%. 

J— Soybean  meal  (fat  extracted)  1-3,  corn  meal  2-3. 

K — Peanut  meal  (fat  extracted)  1-3,  corn  meal  2-3. 

M — Fish  meal  20%,  corn  meal  80%. 

N — Cottonseed  meal  1-3,  corn  meal  2-3. 

O — Corn  meal  (unbolted). 

P — Wheat  middlings. 

Q— Rye  34,  corn  meal  24- 
R — Hulled  oats. 

S — Buckwheat  34,  corn  meal  24- 
T — Rice  34,  corn  meal  24- 
U — Kafir  corn  34,  corn  meal  24- 
V — Barley  34,  corn  meal  24. 

W — Wheat  middlings  34,  corn  meal  24- 


41 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


FEEDING  DATA 


Hen  No.  301.  Breed:  White  P.  Rock.  Coop  No.  1.  Kind  of  Feed:  Wheat  Middlings. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  _  „ 

10 

10 

20 

30 

6.0 

Laid 

Second  day  _  _ 

10 

12 

22 

33 

6.0 

Third  day _ 

12 

15 

27 

40.5 

5.9 

F ourt  h  day _ 

15 

15 

30 

45 

5.9 

Digestion 

PERIOD 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  _ 

12 

12 

24 

36 

18.5 

5.8 

Second  day _ 

12 

12 

24 

36 

18.7 

5.8 

Third  day  _ 

12 

12 

24 

36 

15 

5.7 

Fourth  day _ 

12 

12 

24 

36 

20.5 

5.7 

48 

48 

96 

144 

72.7 

X  U  t  ClIO  ————————— 

Excrement  No.  A-l. 


Hen  No.  B36.  Breed:  White  P.  Rock.  Feed:  Wheat  Middlings. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ - 

7 

10 

12 

15 

10 

12 

14 

15 

17 

22 

26 

30 

34 

44 

52 

60 

5.2 

5.2 

5.2 

5.2 

Laid 

Blood-like 

Discharge. 

Second  day - 

Third  day _ 

Fourth  day - 

Laid. 

Digestion  Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  - 

12 

12 

12 

12 

12 

12 

12 

12 

24 

24 

24 

24 

36 

36 

36 

36 

18.0 

18.5 

17.5 
17.7 

5.2 

5.2 

5.2 

5.1 

Second  day - 

Third  day  - 

Fourth  day - 

Totals  -  - 

48 

48 

96 

144 

71.7 

- - - - - 

Excrement  No.  A-2. 


42 


"N.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Hen  No.  142.  Coop  No.  3.  Breed:  White  P.  Rock.  Feed:  Wheat  Middlings. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

W  ater 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

8 

12 

18 

36 

5.9 

Sluggish 

Second  day 

10 

12 

22 

44 

5.9 

Third  day 

12 

12 

24 

48 

5.9 

Fourth  day _ 

12 

12 

24 

48 

5.9 

Laid 

Digestion 

Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  _ 

12 

10 

22 

33 

10.7 

5.9 

Second  day _ 

8 

9 

16 

24 

19.7 

5.8 

Third  day 

12 

12 

24 

36 

19 

5.8 

Fourth  day _ 

12 

12 

24 

36 

17.2 

5.8 

Totals _ _ 

44 

44 

88 

129 

66.6 

Excrement  No.  A-3. 


Hen  No.  150.  Breed:  White  Plymouth  Rock.  Coop  No.  1.  Feed:  Wheat  Middlings. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  _  . 

10 

11 

21 

42 

5.9 

Second  day _ 

15 

15 

30 

60 

5.9 

Third  day 

20 

15 

35 

70 

5.9 

Fourth  day _ 

12 

10 

22 

44 

5.9 

Laid 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  _ 

11 

12 

23 

34.5 

17 

5.9 

Second  day _ 

15 

15 

30 

45 

18.5 

5.9 

Third  day  _ 

15 

10 

25 

37.5 

18 

5.8 

Fourth  day _ 

15 

12 

27 

40.5 

16.5 

5.8 

T  otals  _  .  _  _  _ 

56 

49 

105 

157.5 

70.0 

Excrement  No.  A-4. 


43 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


Hen  No.  28.  Breed:  Buff  Rock.  Coop  No.  2.  Feed:  Wheat  Middlings. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _  . 

10 

11 

22 

44 

5.3 

Second  day _ 

15 

15 

30 

60 

5.3 

Third  day  ..  . 

20 

15 

35 

70 

5.2 

Fourth  day _ 

15 

15 

30 

60 

5.2 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

12 

12 

24 

36 

17 

5.0 

Second  day _ 

15 

15 

30 

45 

17.5 

5.0 

Laid. 

Third  day _ 

15 

15 

30 

45 

15.5 

4.9 

Fourth  day _ 

15 

15 

30 

45 

24.5 

4.9 

57 

57 

114 

171 

74.5 

Excrement  No.  A-5. 


Hen  No.  473.  Breed:  Buff  P.  Rock.  Coop  No.  3.  Feed:  Wheat  Middlings. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  -  - 

10 

11 

22 

44 

5.5 

Laid. 

Second  day _ 

15 

15 

30 

60 

5.5 

5.3 

Third  day _ 

20 

15 

35 

70 

Laid. 

F ourth  day _ 

15 

15 

30 

60 

5.3 

Digestion 

Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

12 

12 

24 

36 

20 

5  2 

h  irst,  day 

15 

15 

30 

45 

22 

5  2 

Second  day - 

5.2 

15 

15 

30 

45 

15 

Third  day - 

5.2 

15 

15 

30 

45 

21 

Fourth  day - 

57 

57 

171 

78 

Totals 

114 

Excrement  No.  A-6. 


44 


N.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Hen  No.  152.  Breed:  Buff  Orpington.  Coop  No.  1.  Feed:  Wheat  Middlings. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

W  ater 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

15 

15 

30 

90 

7.7 

20 

20 

40 

120 

7.7 

Third  day 

20 

20 

40 

120 

7.6 

Laid. 

Fourth  day _ 

25 

30 

55 

165 

7.5 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

150 

42.5 

7.5 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

150 

40.0 

7.5 

Third  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

150 

38 

7.4 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

150 

30 

7.4 

T  ot.als 

120 

120 

240 

660 

150 

Excrement  No.  A-7. 


Hen  No.  238.  Breed:  Buff  Orpington.  Coop  No.  2.  Feed:  Wheat  Middlings. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ 

15 

15 

30 

90 

7.3 

Second  day 

20 

20 

40 

120 

7.3 

Third  day.  ... 

20 

20 

40 

120 

7.3 

Laid. 

Fourth  day _ 

25 

30 

55 

165 

7.2 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

44.5 

7.1 

Laid. 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

150 

30.5 

6.9 

Third  day.  ... 

30 

30 

60 

180 

37.0 

6.9 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

180 

35.0 

6.8 

Totals  _ _ 

120 

120 

240 

660 

146 

Excrement  No.  A-8. 


ETC. 


45 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds, 


Hen  No.  171.  Breed:  Buff  Orpington.  Coop  No.  3.  Feed:  Wheat  Middlings. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day. 

15 

15 

30 

90 

6.1 

6.1 

6.1 

6.0 

Hen  in 
laying  con¬ 
dition,  but 
somewhat 

Second  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

120 

Third  day  ... 

20 

20 

40 

120 

Fourth  day _ 

25 

25 

50 

150 

sluggish. 

Digestion  period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

25 

25 

50 

125 

35.0 

6.0 

Second  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

34.5 

5.9 

Third  day.  . 

25 

30 

55 

145 

28.0 

5.9 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

180 

35.0 

5.8 

Total.-  ... 

100 

105 

205 

575 

132 

Excrement  No.  A-9. 


Hen  No.  10.  Breed:  Buff  Rock.  Coop  No.  1.  Feed:  Corn. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

15 

15 

30 

60 

6.5 

Second  day .  _  . 

20 

20 

■  40 

80 

6.5 

Third  day  .. 

20 

20 

40 

80 

6.5 

Fourth  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

6.5 

Digestion 

Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

20 

20 

40 

80 

8.0 

6.5 

Second  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

7.0 

6.5 

Third  day 

20 

20 

40 

80 

5.0 

6.6 

Fourth  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

9.0 

6.6 

Totals 

80 

80 

160 

320 

29 

Excrement  No.  B-l. 


46 


N.  C.  AGRICULTURAL  EXPERIMENT  STATION 


Hen  No.  44.  Breed:  Buff  Rock.  Coop  No.  2.  Feed:  Corn. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

15 

15 

30 

60 

4.6 

Second  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

4'.  6 

Laid. 

Third  day 

20 

20 

40 

80 

4.6 

Fourth  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

4.6 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  _  _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

8 

4.6 

Second  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

7.5 

4.6 

Third  day  _ 

20 

20 

40 

80  • 

6 

4.8 

Fourth  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

9 

4.8 

T otals _  _  _ 

80 

80 

160 

320 

30.5 

Excrement  No.  B-2. 


Hen  No.  150.  Breed:  Buff  Plymouth  Rock.  Coop  No.  3.  Feed:  Corn. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day.  . 

15 

15 

30 

60 

5  0 

Tifl.i  r] 

Second  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

5.0 

Laid. 

Third  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

4.9 

Fourth  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

4.8 

Laid. 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ - 

20 

20 

40 

80 

10 

4.6 

Second  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

9 

4.6 

Laid. 

Third  day _ 

Refused  to  eat. 

4.5 

Fourth  day _ 

R 

efusedtoeat 

4.4 

Totals _ _ 

40 

40 

80 

160 

19 

Excrement  No.  B-3. 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc 


Hen  No.  179.  Breed:  Buff  P.  Rock.  Coop  No.  4.  Feed:  Corn. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

W  ater 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ _ 

15 

15 

30 

60 

4.4 

Second  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

4.4 

1'hird  day  . 

20 

20 

40 

80 

4.4 

Fourth  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

4.4 

— 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

8 

4.3 

Second  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

8 

4.3 

Third  day  .  __ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

7 

4.3 

Fourth  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

6 

4.3 

Totals  _  _ 

80 

£0 

160 

320 

29 

- 

Excrement  No.  B-4. 


Hen  No.  148.  Breed:  Buff  P.  Rock.  Coop  No.  6.  Feed:  Corn. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

W  ater 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

15 

15 

30 

60 

4.6 

Laid 

Second  day  _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

4.6 

Third  day 

20 

20 

40 

80 

4.6 

Fourth  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

4.6 

■ 

Digestion 

Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  ..  _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

7 

4.6 

Second  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

8 

4.6 

Third  day 

20 

20 

40 

80 

9 

4.6 

Fourth  day _ 

20 

15 

35 

70 

6 

4.5 

T otals  _  _  _ 

80 

75 

155 

210 

30 

Excrement  No.  B-6. 


48 


AT.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Hen  No.  xx.  Breed:  White  P.  Rock.  Coop  No.  1.  Feed:  Wheat. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ 

15 

15 

30 

60 

5.4 

Laid. 

Second  day  _ 

25 

20 

35 

70 

5.4 

Third  day  . 

20 

20 

40 

80 

5.5 

Fourth  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

5.5 

Digestion 

Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

10 

5.5 

Laid. 

Second  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

12 

5.5 

Third  day _ _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

8 

5.5 

Fourth  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

11 

5.4 

Totals _ 

80 

80 

160 

320 

41 

Excrement  No.  C-l. 


Hen  No.  00.  Breed:  White  P.  Rock.  Coop  No.  2.  Feed:  Wheat. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day.  ..  _ 

15 

15 

30 

60 

5.2 

Laid. 

Second  day _ 

15 

20 

35 

70 

5.2 

Third  day  _ 

15 

5 

20 

40 

5. 1 

Laid 

Fourth  day _ 

10 

10 

20 

40 

5.0 

\ 

Digestion  Period 

• 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day.  _ 

15 

15 

30 

60 

10 

5.0 

Second  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

13.5 

5.0 

Third  day .... 

20 

20 

40 

80 

8.0 

5.1 

Fourth  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

9.0 

5.1 

Totals _ 

75 

75 

150 

300 

40.5 

Excrement  No.  C-2. 


ETC. 


49 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds, 


Hen  No.  20.  Breed:  White  P.  Rock.  Coop  No.  3.  Feed:  Wheat. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day . 

15 

15 

30 

60 

6.3 

Laid 

Second  day - 

20 

20 

40 

80 

6.3 

Laid. 

Third  day.  ... 

20 

20 

40 

80 

6.2 

Fourth  day - 

20 

20 

40 

80 

6.1 

Digestion 

Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First,  dav 

20 

20 

40 

80 

10 

6.1 

Second  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

15 

6.2 

Third  day.  ... 

20 

20 

40 

80 

11.5 

6.2 

Fourth  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

10 

6.2 

80 

80 

120 

240 

46.5 

• 

Excrement  No.  C-3. 


Hen  No.  60.  Breed:  White  P.  Rock.  Coop  No.  4.  Feed:  Wheat. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

"irst  day _ 

econd  day _ 

'hird  day _ 

'ourth  day _ 

15 

25 

10 

15 

20 

15 

10 

30 

45 

15 

20 

60 

90 

30 

40 

4.3 

4.3 

4.2 

4.1 

Digestion  Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

irst  day .  - 

;cond  day  .... 
hird  day —  . 
Durth  day _ 

3tals _ 

15 

20 

20 

20 

10 

20 

20 

20 

25 

40 

40 

40 

50 

80 

80 

80 

7 

10 

15 

9.5 

4.0 

4.0 

4.0 

4.0 

75 

70 

145 

290 

41.5 

Excrement  N 

o.  C-4. 

Poul. — 4 


50  !N\  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Hen  No.  71.  Breed:  White  P.  Rock.  Coop  No.  5.  Feed:  Wheat. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

15 

15 

30 

60 

4.9 

Laid. 

Second  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

4.8 

Third  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

4.7 

Laid. 

Fourth  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

100 

4.6 

Digestion  Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

20 

20 

40 

80 

10 

4.5 

Second  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

10 

4.5 

Third  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

10 

4.6 

Fourth  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

10 

4.6 

T  otals 

80 

80 

160 

320 

40 

Excrement  No.  C-5. 


Hen  No.  72.  Breed:  White  P.  Rock.  Coop  No.  6.  Feed:  Wheat. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remark 

First  day  _ 

15 

15 

30 

60 

6.3 

Laid. 

Second  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

6.3 

Third  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

SO 

6.2 

Laid. 

Fourth  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

6.1 

Laid. 

Digestion  Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

T  otal 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remart 

First  day  _ .  .  _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

5 

6.1 

Laid. 

Second  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

17 

6.2 

Third  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

10 

6.2 

Fourth  day _ 

20 

20 

40 

80 

12 

6.1 

Totals _ _ 

80 

80 

160 

320 

44 

Excrement  No.  C-6. 


ETC 


51 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds, 


Hen  No.  1.  Coop  No.  1.  Breed:  Buff  Orpington.  Kind  of  Feed:  Oats. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  _ 

30 

35 

65 

6.3 

Feed  mix- 
e  d  with 
twice  the 
amount  of 

Second  day.. 

30 

30 

60 

6.3 

Third  day.  ... 

30 

30 

60 

6.2 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

6.2 

distilled 

Digestion  Period 

water. 

Bronchitis 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.Hen 

The  oats 
had  to  be 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

18 

6. 1 

finely 
ground  in 
order  to 

Second  day... 

30 

30 

60 

25 

6. 1 

Third  day _ _ 

30 

30 

60 

32 

6.0 

keep  hens 
from  g  o  - 
i  n  g  off 
feed. 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

33 

6.0 

T  otal .  .  _ _ 

120 

120 

240 

108 

Excrement  No.  D-7. 


Hen  No.  1.  Breed:  Buff  Orpington.  Coop  No.  2.  Feed:  Oats. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

30 

30 

60 

6.0 

Second  day _ 

28 

30 

58 

6.0 

Third  day.  ... 

30 

30 

60 

6.0 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

6.0 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

30 

30 

60 

20 

5.9 

Laid  today. 

Second  day - 

30 

30 

60 

16 

5.9 

Third  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

31 

5.9 

Laid  today. 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

30 

5.8 

1 90 

120 

240 

97 

1  Ol&I ---------- 

Excrement  No.  D-8. 


52 


!N\  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Hen  No.  3.  Breed:  Buff  Orpington.  Kind  of  Feed:  Oats. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

5.6 

SpponH  Hav 

30 

30 

60 

5.6 

Third  dn.y 

30 

30 

60 

5.5 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

5.5 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

First  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

18 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

15 

Third  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

35 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

25 

Total _ 

120 

120 

240 

92 

Excrement 


Wt.  Hen 


Remarks 


5.4 

5.4 

5.3 

5.3 


5.3 


Excrement  No.  D-9. 


Hen  No.  4.  Breed:  Buff  Orpington.  Feed:  Oats. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

6.0 

Second  day _ 

30 

.  30 

60 

6.0 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60 

6.0 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

5.9 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  _  . 

30 

30 

60 

22 

5.8 

Second  day _ 

Third  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

18 

5.7 

30 

30 

60 

23 

5.7 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

29 

5.7 

Total _  -  _ 

120 

120 

240 

92 

Excrement  No.  D-10. 


53 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


Hen  No.  5.  Breed:  Buff  Orpington.  Coop  No.  5.  Feed:  Oats. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

5.4 

Second  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

5.4 

Third  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

5.3 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

5.3 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

20 

5.2 

Second  day 

30 

30 

60 

20 

5. 1 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60 

19 

5.0 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

28 

5.0 

nr  ota.i 

120 

120 

240 

87 

Excrement  No.  D-ll. 


Hen  No.  6.  Breed:  Buff  Orpington.  Coop  No.  6.  Feed:  Oats. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

30 

30 

30 

30 

60 

60 

6. 1 

First  day _  - 

Second  day - 

6.0 

6.0 

Third  day _ - 

30 

30 

60 

6.0 

Fourth  day - 

30 

30 

60 

Digestion  period 


Day 


First  day - 

Second  day - 

Third  day _ 

Fourth  day - 

Total. . . 


M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

30 

30 

60 

21 

30 

30 

60 

22 

30 

30 

60 

22 

30 

30 

60 

23 

120 

120 

240 

89 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

6.0 

6.0 

6.0 

6.0 

Excrement  No.  D-I2. 


54 


C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Hen  No.  388.  Breed:  Buff  Rock.  Coop  No.  2.  Feed:  Corn  Meal. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

5.5 

Laid. 

Second  day 

30 

30 

60 

5.4 

Third  day  .  _ 

30 

35 

65 

5.3 

Laid. 

Fourth  day _ 

35 

35 

70 

5.2 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ 

35 

35 

70 

10 

5.2 

Laid. 

Second  day _ 

Third  day _ 

40 

35 

75 

150 

15 

5.2 

35 

35 

70 

140 

14 

5.2 

Fourth  day _ 

40 

35 

75 

150 

15 

5.1 

Total  _ 

150 

105 

255 

510 

54 

Excrement  No.  E-2. 


Hen  No.  149.  Breed:  Buff  Rock.  Coop  No.  3.  Feed:  Corn  Meal. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day- 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.9 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.7 

Third  day _ 

30 

35 

65 

130 

4.6 

Fourth  day _ 

35 

35 

70 

140 

4.6 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ . 

35 

35 

70 

10 

4  6 

Second  day _ - 

40 

35 

75 

150 

14.5 

4.6 

Third  day 

35 

35 

70 

140 

11 

4.6 

Fourth  day _ 

40 

35 

75 

150 

15 

4.6 

Total  _  . 

150 

105 

255 

510 

50.5 

Excrement  No.  E-3. 


ETC 


55 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Peeds, 


Hen  No.  203.  Breed:  Buff  Rock.  Coop  No.  5.  Feed:  Corn  Meal. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.4 

Laid. 

Second  day _ 

30 

20 

50 

100 

6.3 

Third  day . 

30 

35 

65 

130 

6.3 

Fourth  day _ 

35 

35 

70 

140 

6.3 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ _ 

35 

35 

70 

7 

6  3 

Second  day .... 

40 

35 

75 

150 

10.5 

6.3 

Third  day 

35 

35 

70 

140 

14 

6.3 

Fourth  day _ 

40 

35 

75 

150 

10 

6.2 

Total.  ... 

150 

105 

255 

510 

41.5 

Excrement  No.  E-5. 


Hen  No.  120.  Breed:  White  Rock.  Coop  No.  2.  Feed:  Corn  Meal. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

30 

35 

65 

130 

• 

4.5 

Second  day _ 

35 

35 

70 

140 

4.5 

Third  day.  ... 

35 

35 

70 

140 

4.4 

Fourth  day _ 

35 

30 

65 

130 

4.4 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

Third  day  .  . 

28 

30 

58 

Fourth  day - 

28 

30 

58 

Total _ 

116 

120 

236 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

120 

14 

4.4 

4.5 

120 

10 

116 

10 

4.4 

116 

11 

4.4 

472 

45 

Excrement  No.  E-8. 


56 


~N.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Hen  No.  73.  Breed:  White  Rock.  Coop  No.  5.  Feed:  Corn  Meal. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

35 

35 

70 

140 

4.7 

Second  day 

35 

35 

70 

140 

4.7 

Third  day 

35 

35 

70 

140 

4.7 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.7 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

13 

4.7 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

8 

4.6 

Third  day _  . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

10 

4.5 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

12 

4.5 

Total.. 

120 

120 

240 

480 

43 

Excrement  No.  E-ll. 


Hen  No.  374.  Breed:  Buff  Rock.  Coop  No.  4.  Feed:  Corn  Meal. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

W  ater 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day. .  ... 

35 

35 

70 

140 

4.8 

Second  day _ 

35 

35 

70 

140 

4.7 

Third  day _ 

35 

30 

65 

130 

4.7 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

.60 

120 

4.6 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

W  ater 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

13 

4.6 

Second  day _ 

10 

0 

10 

100 

10 

4.6 

Laid. 

Third  day. 

200 

4  5 

Off  feed. 

Fourth  day 

200 

4.4 

Total  .. 

40 

30 

70 

620 

23 

Excrement  No.  E-10. 


57 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Peeds,  etc. 


Hen  No'  L  Bree^  White  Rock.  Coop  No.  1.  Feed:  Corn  Meal  2-3,  Meat  Scrap  and  Bone 
Meal  1-3. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.4 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.4 

Third  day  _  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.4 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.5 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

17 

6.5 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

17 

6.5 

Third  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

12 

6.5 

Shows 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

11.5 

6.5 

signs  of 
constipa¬ 
tion. 

Total _ 

120 

120 

240 

480 

57.5 

Excrement  No.  F-l. 


Hen  No.  2.  Breed:  White  Rock. 
Meal  1-3. 


Coop  No.  5.  Feed:  Corn  Meal  2-3,  Meat  Scrap  and  Bone 
Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.1 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.1 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day .  .. 

30 

30 

60 

120 

12 

6 

Began  to 

Second  day - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

17 

6 

get  tired 

Third  day.  -  - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

12 

6 

of  feed. 

Fourth  day - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

13 

6 

Total _ 

120 

120 

240 

480 

54 

Excrement  No.  F-5. 


58 


!N\  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Hen  No.  230.  Breed:  White  Rock.  Coop  No.  1.  Feed:  Corn  Meal  80%,  Tankage  20%. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.7 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.7 

25 

30 

55 

110 

4.6 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.6 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

First  day . . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

20 

4.6 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

18 

4.6 

Third  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

14 

4.5 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

19 

4.4 

Total  ...  __  _ 

120 

120 

240 

480 

71 

Excrement  No.  G-l. 


Hen  No.  2.  Breed:  White  Rock.  Coop  No.  2.  Feed:  Corn  Meal  80%,  Tankage  20%. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remark 

First  day _ _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.4 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.4 

Third  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.3 

Fourth  day _ 

25 

30 

55 

110 

6.3 

Digestion 

Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day_  . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

19 

6.2 

Second  day _ 

30 

0 

30 

60 

19 

6.2 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

9 

6.2 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

19 

6.2 

Total _ 

120 

90 

210 

420 

66 

Excrement  No.  G-2. 


59 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Peeds,  etc. 


Hen  No.  1.  Breed:  Buff  Rock.  Coop  No.  1.  Feed:  Corn  Meal  80%,  Blood  Meal  20% 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  ..  . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.6 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.5 

Third  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.4 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.4 

\ 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

♦ 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

10 

5.4 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

10 

5.4 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

14 

5.3 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

15 

5.3 

120 

90 

210 

420 

49 

Excrement  No.  H-l. 


Hen  No.  2.  Breed:  Buff  Rock.  Coop  No.  3.  Feed:  Corn  Meal  80%,  Blood  Meal  20%. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  -  - 

Second  day - 

Third  day - 

Fourth  day - 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

0 

30 

30 

60 

30 

60 

60 

120 

60 

120 

120 

6.3 

6.3 

6.2 

6.2 

Digestion  Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day - 

Second  day - 

Third  day - 

Fourth  day - 

Total  --  - 

30 

30 

30 

0 

30 

0 

0 

0 

60 

30 

30 

120 

60 

60 

20 

11 

10 

6.1 

6.1 

6.1 

90 

30 

120 

240 

41 

Excrement  No.  H-3. 


60 


1ST.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Hen  No.  3.  Breed:  Buff  Rock.  Coop  No.  5.  Feed:  Corn  Meal  80%,  Blood  Meal  20%. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.0 

Second  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.0 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60 

5.9 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.9 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

First  day.  .. 

30 

0 

30 

60 

20 

5.9 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

12 

5.9 

Third  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

18 

5.8 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

19 

5.8 

Total--  -_  -_ 

120 

90 

210 

420 

69 

Excrement  No.  H-5. 


Hen  No.  4.  Breed:  Buff  Rock.  Coop  No.  6.  Feed:  Corn  Meal  80%,  Blood  Meal  20%. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

0 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  _  ..  - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.4 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.3 

Third  day .  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.3 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.3 

Digestion 

Period 

• 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

0 

30 

60 

20 

6.3 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

15 

6.3 

Third  day  _  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

15 

6.3 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

17 

6.3 

Total. 

120 

90 

210 

420 

67 

Excrement  No.  H-6. 


ETC. 


61 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds, 


Hen  No.  1.  Breed:  Partridge  Rock.  Feed:  Corn  Meal  80%,  Dried  Buttermilk  20%. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

W  ater 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.4 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.3 

Third  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.3 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.2 

Digestion 

Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

30 

30 

60 

120 

14 

5.2 

Second  day - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

15 

5.2 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

12 

5.2 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

13 

5.2 

120 

120 

240 

480 

54 

Excrement  No.  1-1. 


Hen  No.  2.  Breed: 
milk,  20%. 


Partridge  Rock.  Coop  No.  2.  Feed: 

Preliminary  Period 


Corn  Meal  80%, 


Dried  Butter- 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  - 

Second  day - 

Third  day  _ 
Fourth  day - 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

60 

60 

60 

60 

120 

120 

120 

120 

6.1 

6.0 

6.0 

6.0 

Digestion  Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

otal 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  -  _ 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

60 

60 

60 

60 

120 

120 

120 

120 

14 

15 

15 

15 

5.9 

5.9  • 
5.9 

6 

Second  day - 

Third  day  - 

Fourth  day - 

Total 

120 

120 

240 

480 

59 

Excrement  No.  1-2. 


62 


N".  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Hen  No.  3.  Breed:  Partridge  Rock.  Coop  No.  3.  Feed:  Corn  Meal  80%,  Buttermilk  20  % 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.8 

Second  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.7 

Third  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.7 

Fourth  day _ 

0 

0 

120 

5.6 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

First  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

10 

5.6 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

10 

5.6 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

12 

5.6 

Fourth  day 

Off  Feed 

120 

5.5 

Total _  .  . 

90 

90 

180 

480 

32 

Excrement  No.  1-3. 


Hen  No.  4.  Breed: 
MILK,  20%. 


Partridge  Rock.  Coop  No.  4.  Feed:  Corn  Meal  80%,  Dried  Butter- 
Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day .  .. 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.4 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.3 

Third  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.2 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.2 

Digestion  Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

12 

6.2 

Second  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

10 

6.2 

Third  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

14 

6.2 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

13 

6.2— 

T  otal  .  _ 

120 

120 

240 

480 

49 

Excrement  No.  1-4. 


ETC. 


63 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds, 


Hen  No.  5.  Breed:  Partridge  Rock.  Coop  No.  5.  Feed:  Corn  Meal  80%,  Dried  Butter- 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  _  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.7 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.6 

Third  day _  • 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.5 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.5 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

15 

5.5 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

13 

5.4 

Third  day _  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

11 

5.4 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

10 

5.5 

Total...  .. 

120 

120 

240 

480 

49 

Excrement  No.  1-5. 


Hen  No.  1.  Breed:  Barred  P.  Rock.  Coop  No.  1.  Feed:  Corn  Meal  2-3,  Soybean  Meal  1-3. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day . . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5. 1 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.1 

Laid. 

Third  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.1 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.1 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

W  ater 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

20 

5.1 

Second  day _ 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

22 

5 

30 

30 

60 

120 

23 

5 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

19 

5 

T  nta.l 

120 

120 

240 

480 

84 

Excrement  No.  J-l. 


64 


N".  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Hen  No.  2.  Breed:  Barred  P.  Rock.  Coop  No.  3.  Feed:  Corn  Meal  2-3,  Soybean  Meal  1-3. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First,  dfl.v 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.4 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.4 

Laid. 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.4 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.4' 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

20 

5.4 

Laid. 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

23 

5.4 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

22 

5.3 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

19 

5.3 

Total 

120 

120 

240 

480 

84 

Excrement  No.  J-3. 


Hen  No.  3.  Breed:  Barred  P.  Rock.  Coop  No.  4.  Feed:  Corn  Meal  2-3,  Soybean  Meal  1-3. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  _ - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.0 

Second  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.0 

Third  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.0 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.9 

Digestion 

Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  .. 

30 

30 

60 

120 

22 

4.9 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

25 

4.9 

Third  day _ 

30 

20 

50 

110 

26 

4.8 

Fourth  day _ 

Off  feed 

120 

4.8 

Total..  ._  .. 

90 

80 

170 

470 

73 

Excrement  No.  J-4. 


65 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


Hen  No.  4.  Breed:  Barred  P.  Rock.  Coop  No.  5.  Feed:  Corn  Meal  2-3,  Soybean  Meal  1-3. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.0 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6 

Third  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.0 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6 

Digestion 

Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

T  otal 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

25 

6 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

18 

6 

Third  day  _  _  __ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

22 

6  + 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

20 

6.1 

Total _ 

120 

120 

240 

480 

85 

Excrement  No.  J-5. 


Hen  No.  5.  Breed:  Barred  P.  Rock.  Coop  No.  6.  Feed:  Corn  Meal  2-3,  Soybean  Meal  1-3. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.7 

Seocnd  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.7 

Third  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.7 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.7 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

22  ■ 

5.7 

Second  day - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

23 

5. 6 

Third  day  - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

22 

5. 6 

Fourth  day - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

20 

5. 5 

Total..-  - 

120 

120 

240 

480 

87 

Excrement  No.  J-6. 


Poul. — 5 


G6 


N.  C.  Agrici  lti  hal  Experiment  Station 


Hen  No.  1.  Breed: 
Meal  1-3. 


Barred  Plymouth  Rock.  Coop  No.  1. 

Preliminary  Period 


Feed:  Corn  Meal  2-3,  Peanut 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  dav 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.7 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.7 

Third  rUv 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.6 

Fourth  day .... 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.6 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

First  day . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

17 

5.5 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

18 

5.5 

Third  day . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

16 

5.5 

Fourth  day .... 

30 

30 

60 

120 

19 

5.5 

Total . . 

120 

120 

240 

480 

70 

Excrement  No.  K-l. 


Hen  No.  2.  Breed: 
Meal  1-3. 


Barred  Plymouth  Rock.  Coop  No.  2. 

Preliminary  Period 


Feed:  Corn  Meal  2-3,  Peanut 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.9 

Second  day.... 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.9 

Third  day . . . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.9 

Fourth  day .... 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.8 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

16 

4.8 

Second  day .... 

30 

30 

60 

120 

19 

4.8 

Third  day . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

20 

4.8 

Fourth  day .... 

30 

30 

60 

120 

15 

4.7 

Total . .  . . 

120 

120 

240 

480 

70 

Excrement  No.  K-2. 


67 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


Hen  No.  3.  Breed:  Barred  Plymouth  Rock.  Coop  No.  3.  Feed:  Corn  Meal  2-3,  Peanut 
Meal  1-3. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5. 1 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.0 

Third  day .  .  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.0 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.0 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

W  ater 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  ... 

30 

30 

60 

120 

20 

5.0 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

15 

5.0 

Third  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

18 

5.0 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

16 

4.9 

T  otal 

120 

120 

240 

480 

69 

Excrement  No.  K-3. 


Hen  No.  4.  Breed: 
Meal  1-3. 


Barred  Plymouth  Rock.  Coop  No.  5.  Feed:  Corn  Meal  2-3,  Peanut 
Preliminary  Period 


Day 


First  day _ 

Second  day - 

Third  day _ 

Fourth  day - 


M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.3 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.3 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.3 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.3 

Remarks 


Digestion  Period 


Day 


First  day - 

Second  day... 

Third  day - 

Fourth  day_.. 

Total _ 


M.  Feed 


N.  Feed 


Total 


Water 


Excrement 


30 

30 

30 

30 


30 

30 

30 

30 


60 

60 

60 

60 


120 

120 

120 

120 


23 

16 

20 

25 


Wt.  Hen 


Remarks 


5.2 

5.1 

5.1 

5.2 


120 


120 


240 


480 


84 


Excrement  No.  K-5 


68 


N”.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Hen  No.  5.  Breed: 
Meal  1-3. 


Barred  Plymouth  Rock.  Coop  No.  6. 

Preliminary  Period 


Feed:  Corn  Meal  2-3,  Peanut 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.6 

Second  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.5 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60  * 

120 

4.5 

F ourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.4 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

19 

4.4 

Second  day _ 

Third  day  _  ... 

30 

30 

60 

120 

22 

4.4 

30 

30 

60 

120 

20 

4.4 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

25 

4.4 

— 

Total _ 

120 

120 

240 

480 

86 

Excrement  No.  K-6. 


Hen  No.  1.  Breed:  Rhode  Island  Red.  Coop  No.  1.  Feed:  Corn  Meal  80%,  Fish  Meal  20% 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.6 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.6 

Third  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.6 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.6 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

14 

4.6 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

15 

4.6 

Third  day _ 

30 

28 

58 

116 

15.5 

4.6 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

14 

4.6 

Total  _ 

120 

118 

238 

476 

58.5 

Excrement  No.  M-l. 


69 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


Hen  No.  2.  Breed:  Rhode  Island  Red.  Coop  No.  2.  Feed:  Corn  Meal  80%,  Fish  Meal  20%. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

W  ater 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.7 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.7 

Third  dav _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.7 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.7 

Digestion 

Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  dav 

30 

25 

55 

110 

13 

4.8 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

12.5 

4.8 

Third  day  _  . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

16 

4.8 

Fourth  day..-. 

30 

30 

60 

120 

14 

4.8 

Total  - .  _ 

120 

115 

235 

470 

55 

Excrement  No.  M-2. 


Hen  No.  3.  Breed:  Rhode  Island  Red.  Coop  No.  3.  Feed:  Fish  Meal  20%,  Corn  Meal  80/q. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  -  -  - 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

60 

60 

60 

60 

120 

120 

120 

120 

4.2 

4.2 

Second  day _ 

4.2 

Third  day.  ... 

4.2— 

Fourth  day - 

30 

Digestion  Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

30 

60 

120 

15 

16 

14 

15 

4.2- 

d  9 

First  day 

30 

Second  day - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

120 

120 

4.2- 

4.1 

Third  day  - 

30 

30 

60 

Fourth  day - 

30 

30 

60 

Total _ 

120 

120 

240 

480 

60 

Excrement  No.  M-3. 


70 


1ST.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Hen  No.  4.  Breed:  Rhode  Island  Red.  Coop  No.  5.  Feed:  Fish  Meal  20%,  Corn  Meal  80%. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.3 

Second  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.3 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.3 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.3 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

First  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

15 

4.3 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

14 

4.3 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

16 

4.3 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

14 

4.3 

T  otals _ _ 

120 

120 

240 

480 

59 

Remarks 


Excrement  No.  M-5. 


Hen  No.  5.  Breed:  Rhode  Island  Red.  Coop  No.  6.  Feed:  Fish  Meal  20%,  Corn  Meal  80%. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remar  ks 

First  day  ... 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.5 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.5 

Third  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4. 5 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.5 

Digestion 

Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

W  ater 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  ... 

30 

30 

60 

120 

15 

4.5 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

12 

4.4 

Third  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

14 

4.4 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

13 

4.4 

Totals.  ... 

120 

120 

240 

480 

54 

Excrement  No.  M-6. 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


71 


Hen  No.  1.  Breed:  Golden  Wyandotte.  Coop  No.  1.  Feed:  Cottonseed  Meal  1-3,  Corn  Meal  2-3* 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

W  ater 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.3 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.3 

Third  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.3 

F ourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.3 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

WTater 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

20 

5.3 

Second  day  .. 

30 

30 

60 

120 

25 

5.3 

Third  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

18 

5.3 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

10 

5.3 

T  nt.als 

120 

120 

240 

480 

73 

Excrement  No.  N-l. 


Hen  No.  2.  Breed:  Golden  Wyandotte.  Coop  No.  3.  Feed:  Cottonseed  Meal  1-3,  Corn  Meal  2-3 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

30 

.  30 

25 

30 

55 

110 

6.0 

r  lrst  ciay - 

Second  day - 

60 

120 

6.0 

Third  day - 

30 

20 

50 

100 

6.1 

Fourth  day - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.1 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

30 

30 

60 

120 

23  ■ 

6.1 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

25 

6. 1 

Second  day - 

6. 1 

30 

30 

60 

120 

14 

Third  day  _ 

6.0 

30 

30 

60 

120 

16 

Fourth  day - 

120 

120 

240 

480 

78 

Totals 

- : - - - 

Excrement  No.  N-3. 


72 


JNT.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Hen  No.  3.  Breed:  Golden  Wyandotte.  Coop  No.  4.  Feed:  Cottonseed  Meal  1-3,  Corn  Meal2-3. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

W  ater 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

25 

30 

55 

110 

4.9 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.9 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.9 

Fourth  day _ 

20 

30 

50 

100 

4.9 

Digestion  Period 


- v - 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  .  - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

22 

4.9 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

27 

5.0 

Third  day.  .. 

30 

30 

•  60 

120 

15 

5.0 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

12 

5.0 

T  ota.ls 

120 

120 

240 

480 

76 

Excrement  No.  N-4. 


Hen  No.  4.  Breed:  Golden  Wyandotte.  Coop  No.  6.  Feed:  Cottonseed  Meal  1-3,  Corn  Meal  2-3. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Wrater 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.7 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.7 

Third  day.. 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.7 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.7 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  _  . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

25 

5.7 

Second  day _ 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

25 

5.7 

30 

30 

60 

120 

18 

5.7 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

10 

5.8 

Totals _  . 

120 

120 

240 

480 

78 

• 

Excrement  No.  N-6. 


73 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


Hen  No.  1.  Breed:  Barred  Plymouth  Rock.  Coop  No.  2.  Feed:  Corn  Meal  (unbolted) 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt,  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day .  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.7 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

Third  day .  . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

Digestion 

Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

T  otal 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  dnv 

30 

30 

60 

120 

11 

5.6 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

12 

5.6 

Third  day _ - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

18 

5.6 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

12 

5. 6 

120 

120 

240 

480 

53 

Excrement  No.  0-2. 


Hen  No.  2.  Breed:  Barred  Plymouth  Rock.  Coop  No.  3.  Feed:  Corn  Meal  (unbolted). 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

W  ater 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day - - 

Second  day - 

Third  day  - 

Fourth  day - 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

60 

60 

60 

60 

120 

120 

120 

120 

5.0 

Digestion  Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ - 

Second  day - 

Third  day - 

Fourth  day - 

Totals _  - 

30 

30 

30 

30 

120 

30 

30 

30 

30 

120 

60 

60 

60 

60 

240 

120 

120 

120 

120 

12 

10 

12 

19 

5.1 

5.1 

5. 1 

5.1 

480 

53 

Excrement  No.  0-3. 


74 


N.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Hen  No.  3.  Breed:  Barred  Plymouth  Rock.  Coop  No.  5.  Feed:  Corn  Meal  (unbolted). 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.3 

Second  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

15 

5.2 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

10 

5.2 

Third  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

16 

5.2 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

14 

5.2 

Totals _ __ 

120 

120 

240 

480 

55 

Excrement  No.  0-5. 


Hen  No.  1.  Breed:  Buff  Orpington.  Coop  No.  1.  Feed:  Wheat  Middlings. 


Preliminary’  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

W  ater 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.6 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.6 

Third  day  ..  . 

30 

30 

6Q 

120 

4.6 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.6 

Digestion 

Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  _  __ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

25 

4.6 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

26 

4.6 

Third  day _ _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

24 

4.6 

Fourth  day - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

27 

4.6 

Totals _ _ 

120 

120 

240 

480 

102 

Excrement  No.  P-1. 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc.  75 


Hen  No.  0.  Breed:  Barred  Plymouth  Rock.  Coop  No.  2.  Feed:  Wheat  Middlings. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

T  otal 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  .  __ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.3 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.3 

Third  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.2 

Fourth  day - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.2 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day . . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

30 

5.2 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

30 

5.2 

Third  day  .  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

24 

5.2 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

25 

5.2 

T  otals _ 

120 

120 

240 

480 

109 

Excrement  No.  P-2. 


Hen  No.  2.  Breed:  Barred  Plymouth  Rock.  Coop  No.  3.  Feed:  Wheat  Middlings. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.9 

Second  day - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.9 

Third  day .  .  . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.9 

Fourth  day - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.0 

Digestion  Period 


Day 


First  day - 

Second  day - 

Third  day - 

Fourth  day - 


M.  Feed 


N.  Feed 


30 

30 

30 

30 


30 

30 

30 

30 


Total 


Water 


Excrement 


60 

60 

60 

60 


120 

120 

120 

120 


27 

29 

23 

22 


Wt.  Hen 


Remarks 


5.0 


5.0 

5.0 

5.0 


Totals 


120 


120 


240 


480 


101 


Excrement  No.  P-3. 


76 


1ST.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Hen  No.  3.  Breed:  Barred  Plymouth  Rock.  Coop  No.  4.  Feed:  Wheat  Middlings. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.7 

Second  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.7 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.7 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.7 

Digestion 

Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

28 

5.7 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

26 

5.7 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

18 

5.7 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

21 

5.7 

Totals _ 

120 

120 

240 

480 

110 

Excrement  No.  P-4. 


Hen  No.  4.  Breed:  Barred  Plymouth  Rock.  Coop  No.  5.  Feed:  Wheat  Middlings. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

WT.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day.  .  . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.0 

Second  day  ... 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.0 

Third  day . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.0 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.9 

Digestion 

Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

30 

5.9 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

28 

5.9 

Third  day _ _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

26 

5.9 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

25 

5.9 

Totals . . 

120 

120 

240 

480 

109 

Excrement  No.  P-5. 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


Hen  No.  5.  Breed:  Barred  Plymouth  Rock.  Coop  No.  6.  Feed:  Wheat  Middlings. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day-  _  .. 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.3 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.3 

Third  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.3 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.3 

Digestion 

Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

27 

4.3 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

29 

4.4 

Third  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

28 

4.4 

Fourth  day - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

26 

4.4 

120 

120 

240 

480 

110 

x  um  i  *5  - - - 

Excrement  No.  P-6. 


Hen  No.  120.  Breed:  Partridge  Rock.  Coop  No.  1.  Feed:  Rye  25%,  Corn  Meal  75%. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

W  ater 

Excrement 

First  day .  ..  - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

Second  day - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

Third  day  - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

Fourth  day - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

5. 6 

5.6 

— 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

60 

120 

15 

18 

5. 6 

5. 6 

First  day  - 

30 

30 

Second  day - 

30 

30 

60 

60 

120 

120 

13 

16 

5. 6 

5. 6 

Third  day - 

30 

30 

Fourth  day - 

30 

30 

60 

- 

■ - - - - - * - 

62 

Totals _ 

120 

90 

210 

4ZU 

Excrement  No.  Q-l. 


78 


jST.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Hen  No.  36.  Breed:  Partridge  Rock.  Coop  No.  2.  Feed:  Rye  25%,  Corn  Meal  75%. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

Thirst,  fln.v 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.0 

ftppnnrl  Ha.v 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.0 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6. 1 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.1 

Digestion 

Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

16 

6.0 

Ser.nnd  day 

30 

30 

60 

14 

6.0 

Third  Ha.v 

30 

30 

60 

120 

12 

6.0 

Fourth  day - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

19 

6.0 

T  otals 

120 

90 

210 

420 

61 

■ 

Excrement  No.  Q-2. 


Hen  No.  41.  Breed:  Partridge  Rock.  Coop  No.  3.  Feed:  Rye  25%,  Corn  Meal  75%. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.8 

Second  day . .  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.8 

Third  day _ _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.8 

Fourth  day.... 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.8 

Digestion 

Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ _ 

30  . 

30 

60 

120 

19 

5.8 

Second  day .  . 

30 

30 

60 

13 

5.8 

Third  day _  _  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

11 

5.8 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

18 

5.8 

Totals _ 

120 

90 

210 

420 

61 

Excrement  No.  Q-3. 


79 


Digesiive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


Hen  No.  81.  Breed.  Rhode  Island  Red.  Coop  No.  1.  Feed:  Hulled  Oats. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.2 

Second  day  _  . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.2 

Third  day  ..  . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.2 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.2 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

W  ater 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  dav 

30 

30 

60 

120 

13 

5.2 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

15 

5.2 

Third  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

17 

5.2 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

15 

5.2 

120 

120 

240 

480 

60 

Excrement  No.  R-l. 


Hen  No.  13.  Breed:  Rhode  Island  Red.  Coop  No.  2.  Feed:  Hulled  Oats. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  _ 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

60 

60 

60 

60 

120 

120 

120 

120 

4.6 

4.6 

4.6 

4.5 

Second  day - 

Third  dav.  .. 
Fourth  day - 

Digestion  Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

60 

60 

60 

60 

120 

120 

120 

120 

14 

13 

14 

16 

4.5 

4.6 

4.6 

4.6 

Second  day - 

Third  day _ - 

Fourth  day - 

T  otals _ 

120 

120 

240 

480 

57 

Excrement  No.  R-2. 


80 


!N\  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Hen  No.  32.  Breed:  Rhode  Island  Red.  Coop  No.  3.  Feed:  Hulled  Oats. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.0 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.0 

_ _  _  _ _ 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.0 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

\ 

5.0 

Digestion 

Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

W  ater 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  da,y 

30 

30 

60 

120 

11 

4.9 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

13 

4.9 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

16 

4.9 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

14 

4.9 

T  otals 

120 

120 

240 

480 

54 

Excrement  No.  R-3. 


Hen  No.  37.  Breed:  Rhode  Island  Red.  Coop  No.  4.  Feed:  Hulled  Oats. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen  • 

Remarks 

First  day.  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.8 

Second  day ..  - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.8 

Third  day .  __ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.8 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.8 

Digestion 

Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

•  Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _  _ _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

15 

4.9 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

17 

4.9 

Third  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

16 

4.9 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

18 

4.9 

Totals  .  _ 

120 

120 

240 

480 

66 

Excrement  No.  R-4. 


81 


lliGESTivE  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


Hen  No.  53.  Breed:  Rhode  Island  Red.  Coop  No.  5.  Feed:  Hulled  Oats. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  __  . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.3 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.3 

Third  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.3 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.3 

Digestion  Period 


Day 


First  day _ 

Second  day _ 

Third  day _ 

Fourth  day _ 

T  otals _ 


M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

30 

30 

60 

120 

17 

4.3 

30 

30 

60 

120 

20 

4.3 

30 

30 

60 

120 

17 

4.3 

30 

30 

60 

120 

19 

4.3 

120 

120 

240 

480 

73 

Excrement  No.  R-5. 


Hen  No.  11.  Breed:  Barred  Plymouth  Rock.  Coop  No.  I.Feed:  Buckwheat  25%,  Corn  Meal  75%. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

WTt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

60 

60 

60 

60 

120 

120 

120 

120 

5.2 

5.2 

5.2 

5.2 

Second  day - 

Third  day  _ 

Fourth  day _ 

Digestion  Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First,  day  .  .  - 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

60 

60 

60 

60 

120 

120 

120 

120 

12 

13 

12 

14 

5.1 

5.1 

5.1 

5.1 

Second  day - 

Third  day - 

Fourth  day - 

T'otflJs  _  _ 

120 

120 

240 

480 

51 

Excrement  No.  S-l. 


Poul. — 6 


82 


N".  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


# 


Hen  No.  32.  Breed:  Barred  Plymouth  Rock.  Coop  No.  2.  Feed:  Buckwheat  25%,  Corn  Meal  75% 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

W  ater 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.2 

Second  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.2 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.2 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.2 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

First  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

13 

4.2 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

13 

4.2 

Third  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

15 

4.2 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

15 

4.2 

T  otals  _ 

120 

120 

240 

480 

57 

Excrement  No.  S-2. 


Hen  No.  43.  Breed:  Barred  Plymouth  Rock.  Coop  No.  3.  Feed:  Buckwheat  25%,  Corn  Meal  75%. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

W  ater 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.7 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.7 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.7 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.7 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

13 

4.7— 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

12 

4.6 

Third  day . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

13 

4.6 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

14 

4.6 

T  otals _ 

120 

120 

240 

480 

52 

Excrement  No.  S-3. 


ETC. 


83 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Peeds, 


Hen  No.  54.  Breed:  Barred  Plymouth  Rock.  Coop  No.  4.  Feed:  Buckwheat  25%,  Corn  Meal  75%. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.2 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.2 

Third  day.  .  .. 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.2 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.2 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  .. 

30 

30 

60 

120 

14 

5.3 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

13 

5.3 

T  hird  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

12 

5.3 

F  ourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

14 

5.3 

Totals 

120 

120 

240 

480 

53 

Excrement  No.  S-4. 


Hen  No.  65.  Breed:  Barred  Plymouth  Rock.  Coop  No.  5.  Feed:  Buckwheat  25%,  Corn  Meal  75%. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 


M.  Feed 


N.  Feed 


Total 


Water 


Excrement 


Wt.  Hen 


Remarks 


First  day _ 

Second  day - 

Third  day . 

Fourth  day - 


20 

30 

30 

30 


25 

30 

30 

30 


45 

60 

60 

60 


90 

120 

120 

120 


6.0 

6.0 

6.0 

6.0 


Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

First  day _ _ _ 

30 

30 

60 

Second  day - 

30 

30 

60 

Third  day - 

30 

30 

60 

Fourth  day - 

30 

30 

60 

Totals  _ _ 

120 

120 

240 

— 

W  ater 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

120 

14 

6.0 

120 

14 

6.0 

120 

12 

6.0 

120 

13 

6.0 

480 

53 

Excrement  No.  S-5. 


84 


1ST.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Hen  No.  76.  Breed:  Barred  Pl. mouth  Rock.  Coop  No.  6.  Feed:  Buckwheat  25%,  Corn  Meal  75%, 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.4 

Second  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.4 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.4 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.4— 

Digestion 

Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

11 

5.3 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

10 

5.3 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

20 

5.3 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

14 

5.3— 

Totals  _  .  . 

120 

120 

240 

480 

55 

Excrement  No.  S-6. 


Hen  No.  87.  Rhode  Island  Red.  Coop  No.  1.  Feed:  Rice  25%,  Corn  Meal  75%. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.1 

Second  day  ... 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.1 

Third  day  .  . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.1 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.1 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day . . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

14 

5.1 

Second  day _ 

Third  day.  ... 

30 

30 

60 

16 

5. 1 

30 

30 

60 

120 

13 

5.1 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

19 

5.1 

T  otals . 

120 

90 

210 

420 

62 

Excrement  No.  T-l. 


ETC. 


85 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds, 


Hen  No.  98.  Breed:  Rhode  Island  Red.  Coop  No.  2.  Feed:  Rice  25%,  Corn  Meal  75%. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day_  ..  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.0 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.0- 

Third  day _ _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.9 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.9 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day , . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

14 

5.9 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

13 

5.9 

Third  day  _  __ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

20 

5.9 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

18 

5.9 

Totals  ..  _ 

120 

90 

210 

420 

65 

Excrement  No.  T-2. 


Hen  No.  23.  Breed:  Rhode  Island  Red.  Coop  No.  3.  Feed:  Rice  25%,  Corn  Meal  75%. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.3 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.3 

Third  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.3 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.3 

Digestion 

Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

18 

4.3 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

16 

4.4 

Third  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

14 

4.4 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

13 

4.4 

Totals  .  _  .  --- 

120 

90 

210 

420 

61 

Excrement  No.  T-3. 


86 


1ST.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Hen  No.  34.  Breed:  Rhode  Island  Red.  Coop  No.  4.  Feed:  Rice  25%,  Corn  Meal  75%. 


Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.6 

Second  day - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.6 

Third  day. 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.6 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.6 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

30 

30 

60 

120 

17 

5.6 

30 

30 

60 

12 

5.6 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

16 

5.6 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

18 

5.6 

120 

90 

210 

.420 

63 

Excrement  No.  T-4. 


Hen  No.  45.  Breed:  Rhode  Island  Red.  Coop  No.  5.  Feed:  Rice  25%,  Corn  Meal  75%. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

.Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.4 

Spoon  d  dn.v 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.4 

Third  da.v 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.4 

F ourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.4 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

15 

5.5 

Second  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

17 

5.5 

Third  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

14 

5.5 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

16 

5.5 

Totals _ _ 

120 

90 

210 

420 

62 

Excrement  No.  T-5. 


ETC. 


87 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds, 


Hen  No.  56.  Silver  Pencilled  Wyandotte.  Coop  No.  1.  Feed:  Kafir  Corn  25%,  Corn  Meal  75%  • 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

W  ater 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.6 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5. 6 

Third  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

5  6 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.6 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day.  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

14 

5.6 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

17 

5.6 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

13 

5. 6 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

11 

5.7 

Totals  _ _ ... 

120 

120 

240 

480 

55 

Excrement  No.  U-l. 


Hen  No.  67.  Breed: 
Corn  Meal  75%. 


Silver  Pencilled  Wyandotte.  Coop  No.  2.  Feed:  Kafir  Corn  25%, 
Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.6 

Second  day - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.6 

Third  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.6 

30 

30 

60 

4.6- 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ - 

30 

'  30 

60 

120 

17 

4.5 

Slightly 

Second  day - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

16 

4.5 

constipated 

Third  day  - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

11 

4. 5 

Fourth  day - 

30 

30 

60 

120 

12 

4.5 

Totals _ _ 

120 

120 

240 

480 

56 

_ 

Fxcrement  No.  U-2. 


88 


C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Hen  No.  78.  Breed: 
Corn  Meal  75%. 


Silver  Pencilled  Wyandotte.  Coop  No.  3. 
Preliminary  Period 


Feed:  Kafir  Corn  25%, 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.1 

Second  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.1 

Third  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

5.1 

Slightly 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

5.1 

constipated 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

19 

5.2 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

13 

5.2 

Third  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

14 

5.2 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

12 

5.2 

Totals  __ . 

120 

120 

240 

480 

58 

Excrement  No.  U-3. 


Hen  No.  89.  Breed: 
Corn  Meal  75%. 


Silver  Pencilled  Wyandotte.  Coop  No.  4. 
Preliminary  Period 


Feed:  Kafir  Corn  25%, 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

W  ater 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  _  .  . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.9 

Second  day  .. 

30 

30 

60 

4.9 

Third  day.  ... 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.9 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.9 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

11 

4.9 

Constipated 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

19 

4.9 

Third  day _ _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

16 

4.9 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

13 

4.9 

Totals.  _  . 

120 

120 

240 

480 

59 

Excrement  No.  U-4. 


89 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


Hen  No.  35.  Breed:  Silver  Pencilled  Wyandotte.  Coop  No.  5.  Feed: 
Corn  Meal  75%. 

Preliminary  Period 


Kafir  Corn  25%, 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ . . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4  0 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

4  0 

Third  day.  ... 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.0 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.0 

Slightly 

constipated 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day.  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

14 

4.0 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

18 

4.1 

Third  day _ _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

12 

4. 1 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

10 

4.1 

Totals  _ 

120 

120 

240 

480 

54 

Excrement  No.  U-5. 


Hen  No.  46.  Breed:  Buff  Orpington.  Coop  No.  1.  Feed:  Barley  25%,  Corn  Meal  75%. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

First  day .  .  . 

30 

30 

60 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

Third  day . 

30 

30 

60 

Fourth  day - 

30 

30 

60 

Digestion 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

First  day  ... 

30 

30 

60 

Second  day - 

30 

30 

60 

Third  day . .  .. 

30 

30 

60 

Fourth  day - 

30 

30 

60 

Totals - - 

120 

120 

240 

Water 


120 

120 

120 

120 


Water 


120 

120 

120 

120 


480 


Excrement 


Excrement 


15 

13 

16 

14 


58 


Wt.  Hen 


5.9 

5.9 

5.9- 

5.9- 


Wt.  Hen 


5.8 

5.8 

5.8 

5.8 


Remarks 


Remarks 


Excrement  No.  V-l. 


90 


jN".  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Hen  No.  57.  Breed:  Buff  Orpington.  Coop  No.  2.  Feed:  Barley  25%,  Corn  Meal  75%. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.3 

Second  day 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.3 

Third  dav 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.3 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

6.3 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

First  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

16 

6.3 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

14 

6.3 

Third  day  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

15 

6.3 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

17 

6.3 

Totals _ ..  .. 

120 

120 

240 

480 

62 

Remarks 


Excrement  No.  V-2. 


Hen  No.  68.  Breed: 
Corn  Meal  75%. 


Barred  Plymouth  Rock.  Coop  No.  1. 

Preliminary  Period 


Feed:  Wheat  Middlings  25%, 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

W  ater 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.7 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.7 

Third  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.7 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

4.7 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day. .  ... 

30 

30 

60 

120 

15 

4.7 

Second  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

19 

4.7 

Third  day  _  . 

30 

30 

60 

120 

18 

4.7 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

17 

4.7 

Totals.  ... _ 

120  * 

120 

240 

480 

69 

Excrement  No.  W-l. 


91 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


Hen  No.  79.  Breed:  Barred  Plymouth  Rock.  Coop  No.  2.  Feed:  Wheat  Middlings  25%, 
Corn  Meal  75%. 

Preliminary  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day .... 

30 

20 

50 

100 

5.6 

Second  day _ 

15 

30 

45 

95 

5.6 

Third  day _ _ 

30 

30 

30 

120 

5.6 

Fourth  day _ 

25 

30 

55 

110 

5.6 

Digestion  Period 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

16 

5.7 

Second  day _ 

Third  day .  _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

18 

5.7 

30 

30 

60 

120 

14 

5.7 

Fourth  day _ 

30 

30 

60 

120 

20 

5.7 

Totals 

120 

120 

240 

480 

68 

Excrement  No.  W-2. 


Hen  No.  28.  Breed: 
Corn  Meal  75%. 


Barred  Plymouth  Rock.  Coop  No.  3. 

Preliminary  Period 


Feed:  Wheat  Middlings  25%, 


Day 

M.  Feed 

N.  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day . 

Second  day.  . 

Third  day _ 

Fourth  day - 

20 

25 

30 

30 

15 

25 

25 

30 

35 

50 

55 

60 

70 

100 

110 

120 

5.9 

5.9 

5.9 

5. 9 

Digestion  Period 

Day 

M.  Feed 

N  Feed 

Total 

Water 

Excrement 

Wt.  Hen 

Remarks 

First  day _ 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

60 

60 

60 

60 

120 

120 

120 

120 

20 

14 

16 

17 

5.9 

6.0 

6.0 

6.0 

Second  day - 

Third  day.  .. 
Fourth  day - 

Totals  .  . 

120 

120 

240 

480 

67 

Excrement  No.  W-3. 


92 


1ST.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


EXCREMENT  ANALYSIS 


Excrement 

A-l 

Excrement 

A-2 

Excrement 

A-3 

Moisture.  ...  ...  _ _ 

10.91 

10.37 

10.55 

Total  nitrogen _  ...  _ _  . 

6.01 

6.03 

6.01 

Uric  acid  nitrogen  .  ....  _  _ _ 

3.78 

3.72 

3.69 

Ammonia  nitrogen..  ....  ... 

.64 

.57 

.60 

Ether  extract  ....... 

2.75 

2.64 

2.56 

Crude  fiber ....  .......  .  .... 

7.49 

8.44 

7.10 

Nitrogen  free  extract _  ...  .  .  .  ..  _ 

45.21 

45.67 

44.18 

Uric  acid  ...  _  .  _  _  _ 

11.46 

11.29 

11.08 

Ammonia _  .  ...  .  _ 

.80 

.70 

.73 

Ash...  _  _  _  .  _ 

11.44 

10.05 

13.05 

Crude  protein  .  .  __  _  _  _ 

9.94 

10.84 

10.74 

Excrement 

A-4 

Excrement 

A-5 

Excrement 

A-6 

Moisture..  ..  ..  ....... 

9.17 

8.93 

9.20 

Total  nitrogen _  .....  .......... 

6.74 

6.50 

6.41 

Uric  acid  nitrogen  ..  .  _  ...... 

3.80 

3.82 

3.77 

Ammonia  nitrogen _  .  .  ._  _ • 

.74 

.66 

.69 

Ether  extract  ..  ._  ..  ...  .  .  ... 

2.77 

3.19 

3.25 

Crude  fiber.  ...  _  _ ...  _ 

8.60 

8.79 

8.47 

Nitrogen  free  extract .  _  .  .  .  . 

45.22 

42.61 

45.54 

Uric  acid  ..  .  .  .  ...... 

11.38 

11.46 

11.29 

Ammonia  ...  _  _.  _  __  . 

.90 

.81 

.85 

Ash..  _  __  _  _ 

8.24 

11.59 

9.25 

Crude  protein .  .  ....  .  ._  .  _ 

13.71 

12.62 

12.15 

Excrement 

A-7 

Excrement 

A-8 

Excrement 

A-9 

Moisture..  .... 

10.63 

9.85 

9.83 

Total  nitrogen.  .  _  _.  _  . 

6.01 

6.02 

6.03 

Uric  acid  nitrogen..  _  _ 

3.80 

3.84 

3.80 

Ammonia  nitrogen..  ..  _ _  _  _ 

.  66 

.71 

.70 

Ether  extract.  ....  .  _  .  _ 

2.88 

2.76 

2.81 

Crude  fiber.  ...  .  . 

8.11 

8.45 

8.81 

Nitrogen  free  extract ...  _.  _  .... 

46.81 

47.42 

47.57 

Uric  acid..  _.  .  ..... 

11.40 

11.50 

11.38 

Ammonia _ _  . 

.81 

.87 

.84 

Ash..  ..  _ _  _ _  ... 

9.74 

10.00 

9.20 

Crude  protein . . 

9.62 

9.15 

9.56 

93 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


Excrement  Analysis — Continued. 


Excrement 

B-l 

Excrement 

B-2 

Excrement 

B-3 

Moisture. 

4.91 

6.52 

3.59 

Total  nitrogen 

6.10 

6.43 

6.18 

Uric  acid  nitrogen 

3.33 

3.13 

3.15 

Ammonia  nitrogen 

.24 

.36 

.44 

Ether  extract. .. 

4.15 

5.34 

5.45 

Crude  fiber _ 

13.55 

12.82 

10.36 

Nitrogen  free  extract . 

40.57 

38.47 

40.24 

Uric  acid _ 

9.99 

9.40 

9.48 

Ammonia.  . 

.29 

.42 

.53 

Ash _ 

10.72 

8.86 

14.16 

Crude  protein .  ... 

15.81 

18.17 

16.19 

Excrement 

B-4 

Excrement 

B-6 

Excrement 

C-l 

Moisture...  .  ...  ... _ ...  .  . 

5.12 

5.84 

6.44 

Total  nitrogen.  .  _  . 

6.38 

6.06 

6.58 

Uric  acid  nitrogen...  _  .  .  _ 

3.38 

3.10 

2.63 

Ammonia  nitrogen  . .  . 

.29 

.55 

.98 

Ether  extract..  ...  .  .  _  . 

8.63 

8.62 

5.42 

Crude  fiber _  ..  _ _  _  . 

13.44 

10.26 

10.30 

Nitrogen  free  extract ...  ...  _  ..  . 

33.27 

37.58 

31.36 

Uric  acid.  ...  _ _  ....  - 

10.16 

9.32 

7.89 

Ammonia _  _  .  -  - 

.35 

.68 

1.16 

Ash _  ....  .  _  ...  - 

12.10 

12.64 

18.77 

Crude  protein .  ...  ...  ..  - 

16.93 

15.06 

18.65 

Excrement 

C-2 

Excrement 

C-3 

Excrement 

04 

8.02 

7.46 

8.23 

nTnt.nl  mtrno’Pn  _  _ 

5.88 

5.95 

6.15 

2.82 

2.66 

2.74 

.31 

.62 

.71 

7.50 

7.4S 

5.54 

12.07 

9.32 

11.11 

32.55 

38.50 

35.10 

8.48 

7.98 

8.23 

.38 

.76 

.86 

13.82 

11.82 

14.10 

17.18 

16.68 

16.82 

94 


K  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Excrement  Analysis — Continued. 


Excrement 

C-5 

Excrement 

C-6 

Excrement 

D-7 

Moisture  --  .  _  .  . 

7.07 

7.65 

9.33 

Total  nitrogen _  _  _ 

6.07 

5.97 

3.95 

Uric  acid  nitrogen.  _  .. 

2.60 

2.43 

2.28 

Ammonia  nitrogen .  .  ..... 

.46 

.64 

.42 

Ether  extract  ..  .  _  _ 

6.40 

7.55 

1.99 

Crude  fiber  ...  ..... 

11.93 

11.50 

21.54 

Nitrogen  free  extract _  .  .  _ _ 

31.27 

33.26 

41.49 

Uric  acid  .  _ _ _ _ _  . 

7.81 

7.30 

6.84 

Ammonia  _  ...  .... 

.56 

.78 

.51 

Ash  _  _  _ _ _  .  . 

16.18 

13.83 

10.46 

Crude  protein  _  _ 

18.77 

18.12 

7.84 

Excrement 

D-8 

Excrement 

D-9 

Excrement 

D-10 

Moisture. _  .  _ _  .  _ _ 

9.06 

6.42 

6.12 

Total  nitrogen _  _ _  _ _ 

4.18 

4.00 

3.67 

Uric  acid  nitrogen  _  _ 

2.23 

2.24 

2.17 

Ammonia  nitrogen _  . 

.52 

.52 

.42 

Ether  extract  .  _  ... 

1.86 

1.83 

1.86 

Crude  fiber  _ _  .  _ _  ..  ... 

26.96 

29.00 

27.39 

Nitrogen  free  extract  ..  .  ... 

Uric  acid  ..  .  ..  .  _ 

37.70 

6.68 

37.50 

6. 12 

44.06 

6.51 

Ammonia _ _  .  .  _  ..  _ _  . 

.63 

.63 

.51 

Ash _  _  ..  .  ... 

8.15 

10.74 

6.82 

Crude  protein .  _ 

8.96 

7.75 

6.73 

Excrement 

D-ll 

Excrement 

D-12 

Excrement 

E-2 

Moisture  ..  ...  -  _  ...  _ 

4.91 

4.18 

10.16 

Total  nitrogen _  _  _ 

3.84 

3.78 

5.90 

Uric  acid  nitrogen.  _  _  _  _ 

2.12 

2.05 

3.33 

Ammonia  nitrogen  ..  .  ._  _ _  .  .. 

.48 

.49 

.58 

Ether  extract.  _  _  _ 

2.10 

2.16 

3.37 

Crude  fiber ...  _  _  _ 

30.85 

29.38 

8.27 

Nitrogen  free  extract ...  ..  _  _ 

44.59 

44.61 

43.50 

Uric  acid  ...  .  _ _  .  ....  _ 

6.38 

6.17 

9.99 

Ammonia _  _  _ _ _  _ 

.58 

.59 

.70 

Ash _ _ _  _  _  ._ 

2.63 

5.19 

11.58 

Crude  Protein _  _  ... 

7.96 

7.72 

12.43 

95 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc 


Excrement  Analysis — Continued, 


• 

Excrement 

E-3 

Excrement 

E-5 

Excrement 

E-8 

Moisture.  _ _ 

11.13 

10.91 

9.36 

Total  nitrogen _ ... 

5.96 

6.47 

5.98 

Uric  acid  nitrogen _ 

2.99 

3.38 

3.27 

Ammonia  nitrogen... 

.72 

.58 

.68 

Ether  extract _ 

3.96 

4.91 

3.88 

Crude  fiber...  _  _ 

8.65 

9.50 

9.00 

Nitrogen  free  extract.. 

42.19 

40.09 

46.15 

Uric  acid ...  _  . 

8.98 

10.16 

9.82 

Ammonia _  _  . 

.87 

.64 

.82 

Ash .  _  _ 

10.16 

7.83 

8.29 

Crude  protein  . .  _  .. 

14.06 

15.96 

12.68 

Excrement 

E-ll 

Excrement 

F-l 

Excrement 

F-5 

Moisture  _  _ _ _  _ _  ___ 

8.67 

10.17 

9.16 

Total  nitrogen  .  - -  ..  ..  - 

6.42 

9.97 

9.84 

Uric  acid  nitrogen^..  ..  _ _ 

3.38 

7.05 

6.92 

Ammonia  nitrogen _  .  _ -  - 

.64 

1.07 

1.00 

Ether  extract.  -  - 

4.79 

3.28 

3.98 

Crude  fiber - - - 

9.03 

7.39 

7.88 

Nitrogen  free  extract _ _  ...  --  . 

41.07 

26.22 

27.74 

Uric  acid  ..  ...  ..  ...  -  -  - 

10.16 

21.16 

20.76 

Ammonia  _  _ 

.77 

1.31 

1.22 

Ash _  _ 

10.54 

18.86 

17.24 

Crude  protein _ 

14.97 

11.61 

12.02 

Excrement 

G-l 

Excrement 

G-2 

Excrement 

H-l 

Mnist.nrp  __  - 

16.01 

18.00 

8.19 

8.93 

8.35 

10.85 

6.60 

6.21 

7.44 

.58 

.55 

.76 

2.76 

2.86 

2.77 

7.49 

7.04 

5.71 

22.09 

20.80 

28.49 

19.81 

18.63 

22.31 

.70 

.69 

.92 

20.17 

22.03 

15.00 

10  97 

9.97 

16. 61 

96 


]ST .  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Excrement  Analysis — Continued. 


Excrement 

H-3 

Excrement 

H-5 

f 

Excrement 

H-6 

Moisture _ 

9.31 

12.18 

13.13 

Total  nitrogen _ . 

10.00 

10.36 

10.37 

Uric  acid  nitrogen.  _ 

6.96 

7.38 

7.32 

Ammonia  nitrogen. 

.80 

.96 

.78 

Ether  extract. 

2.83 

2.00 

2.04 

Crude  fiber _ 

5.88 

4.05 

4. 18 

Nitrogen  free  extract... 

30.07 

20.23 

20.80 

Uric  acid...  .. 

20.87 

22.13 

21.96 

Ammonia _ 

.97 

1.16 

.94 

Ash...  ... 

16.05 

25.60 

22.71 

Crude  protein  . 

14.02 

12.65 

14.24 

! 

Excrement 

1-1 

Excrement 

1-2 

Excrement 

1-3 

Moisture.. 

8.61 

10.89 

12. 11 

Total  nitrogen 

7.95 

7.63 

7. 17 

Uric  acid  nitrogen 

4.77 

4.89 

4.64 

Ammonia  nitrogen 

.64 

.50 

.56 

Ether  extract _ 

2.94 

2.71 

2.44 

Crude  fiber _  . 

5.92 

5.42 

4.94 

Nitrogen  free  extract.. 

35.88 

33.44 

30.09 

Uric  acid  .  .  _ 

14.31 

14.67 

13.93 

Ammonia _ _ 

.77 

.60 

.68 

Ash _  ... 

15.64 

18.26 

23.47 

Crude  Protein.  .  .. 

15.93 

14.01 

12.34 

Excrement 

1-4 

Excrement 

1-5 

Excrement 

J-l 

Moisture  . 

7.29 

8.01 

14.12 

Total  nitrogen  __ 

7.41 

7.25 

9.60 

Uric  acid  nitrogen _ 

4.42 

4.33 

7  06 

Ammonia  nitrogen... 

.44 

.46 

78 

Ether  extract.. 

3.29 

3.22 

3  03 

Crude  fiber _  . 

6.53 

6.53 

8.48 

Nitrogen  free  extract. 

41.02 

41. 12 

20  12 

Uric  acid.  ... 

13.26 

12.99 

21. 18 

Ammonia _ 

.53 

.56 

.94 

Ash _ 

12.13 

12.17 

21. 11 

Crude  protein . . 

15.95 

15.40 

11.02 

97 


1  IlOEHTIVE  OoEF FICIENTS  OF  POULTRY  FEEDS,  ETC. 


E x c re m e n T  An aj. y 8 1 h — Cont inued. 


Excrement 

J-3 

Excrement 

J-4 

Excrement 

J-5 

Moisture. 

15. 16 

16.33 

12.79 

Total  nitrogen ... 

10.00 

9.21 

9.76 

Uric  acid  nitrogen.  . 

7.44 

6.30 

7.33 

Ammonia  nitrogen ... 

.72 

1.00 

.67 

Ether  extract 

2.83 

2.75 

2.83 

Crude  fiber _ 

8.47 

8.43 

8.40 

Nitrogen  free  extract _ 

20.39 

19.68 

20.09 

Uric  acid .  .  . .  ....... 

22.33 

18.91 

21.98 

Ammonia .  . . 

.88 

1.22 

.82 

Ash .  ............ 

18.44 

20.72 

22.06 

Crude  protein  _ _ 

11.50 

11.96 

11.03 

Excrement 

J-6 

Excrement 

K-l 

Excrement 

K-2 

Moisture . . - . 

16.39 

10.12 

9.87 

Total  nitrogen . . . 

9.90 

7.15 

6.96 

Uric  acid  nitrogen . . . . . 

7.22 

4.68 

4.56 

Ammonia  nitrogen. . . 

.72 

.70 

.71 

Ether  extract .  . - . . 

2.61 

9.85 

10.65 

Crude  fiber  „ 

8.19 

21.97 

21.48 

Nitrogen  free  extract - - 

18.78 

21.38 

2 1.37 

Uric  acid - 

21.67 

14.03 

13.96 

Ammonia  . . . — 

.88 

.84 

.86 

Ash . . - - - 

19.22 

10.74 

11.54 

Crude  protein . . . . - . 

12.26 

11.07 

10.54 

Excrement 

K-3 

Excrement 

K-5 

Excrement 

K-6 

9.23 

14.11 

14.62 

6.93 

6.62 

7.10 

4.42 

4.54 

4.79 

.67 

.64 

1.00 

Aiiiiiioma  hi  li  ugun  —  — 

11.55 

9.29 

8.00 

22.35 

18.21 

18.20 

17.44 

21.17 

17.52 

TSitrogen  ireu  cMidti -  - 

13.26 

13.61 

14.36 

1.22 

.82 

.78 

10.00 

17.46 

17.83 

11.62 

9.02 

0. 16 

Crude  protein - 

Poul. — 7 


98 


iST.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Excrement  Analysis — Continued. 


Excrement 

M-l 

Excrement 

M-2 

Excrement 

M-3 

Moisture _  _  _  _ 

11.22 

9.17 

10.39 

Total  nitrogen _  _  __  _  .  _ 

8.97 

9.03 

9.10 

Uric  acid  nitrogen _  _  .. 

6.39 

6.28 

6.44 

Ammonia  nitrogen _  _ 

.79 

.91 

.86 

Ether  extract.  ..  _  ..  ..  . 

3.45 

3.63 

3.33 

Crude  fiber..  _  .  .  ..  _  .. 

8.80 

9.25 

8.65 

Nitrogen  free  extract _  _  .  _ _ 

27.96 

29.35 

27.50 

Uric  acid  _  _  .  _  -  _ 

19.16 

18.84 

19.32 

Ammonia-.  _  _  _ 

.96 

1.10 

1.04 

Ash _  _  .  . 

17.21 

17.10 

18.46 

Crude  protein _  .  ...  .  .  ... 

11.24 

11.56 

11.31 

Excrement 

M-5 

Excrement 

M-6 

Excrement 

N-l 

Moisture  _  _  .  _  ..  .  . 

11.01 

8.26 

9.86 

Total  nitrogen _ ...  .  _  _  . 

10.03 

9.09 

9.58 

Uric  acid  nitrogen.  ..  ... _ ..... 

7.54 

6.31 

6.71 

Ammonia  nitrogen  _  ..  .  ..  _ 

.72 

.80 

.70 

Ether  extract _  _ 

3.45 

3.74 

3.86 

Crude  fiber _  ...  ..  _ 

8.79 

9.79 

15.79 

Nitrogen  free  extract _  _ _ _  _ 

27.96 

30.55 

21.98 

Uric  acid _ _ _ _ _  ..... 

19.62 

18.93 

20.12 

Ammonia _ _  .  .  _ _ _ _ 

.87 

.98 

.84 

Ash _  _  .  _  .. 

17. 13 

15.29 

13.94 

Crude  protein _ _  .  _  _ 

11.17 

12.46 

13.61 

Excrement 

N-3 

Excrement 

N-4 

Excrement 

N-6 

Moisture.. _  _ _ _  _ _ _ 

10.17 

11.03 

10.39 

Total  nitrogen  ..  .  .  _ _  _ 

9.39 

9.69 

9.72 

Uric  acid  nitrogen..  _  _  _ _ 

6.64 

7.10 

7.00 

Ammonia  nitrogen _  ..  _ 

.66 

.71 

.75 

Ether  extract.  _  ...  ...  . 

3.51 

3.52 

3.52 

Crude  fiber  .  .  ...  _  _  _ _ 

14.89 

15.23 

14.91 

Nitrogen  free  extract _  .... 

20.57 

22.84 

23.16 

Uric  acid.  _ ...  _  _ _  . 

19.91 

21.31 

21.02 

Ammonia  .  .  .  _  .  ..  _ _ 

.80 

.86 

.91 

Ash _  _ _  ... 

17.04 

13.48 

13.76 

Crude  protein  _ .  _  _  ..  . 

13.11 

11.73  ■ 

12.33 

99 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


Excrement  Analysis — Continued. 


Excrement 

0-2 

Excrement 

0-3 

Excrement 

0-5 

Moisture.. 

9.81 

10.12 

9.32 

Total  nitrogen _ 

6.51 

6.47 

6.41 

Uric  acid  nitrogen 

4.01 

3.99 

4.04 

Ammonia  nitrogen _ 

.76 

.69 

.72 

Ether  extract  ..  ... 

3.81 

3.88 

4.01 

Crude  fiber _ 

12.17 

12.22 

11.83 

Nitrogen  free  extract _ 

37.96 

37.34 

39.61 

Uric  acid _  ...  ... 

12.09 

11.96 

12.13 

Ammonia  _  _ 

.92 

.83 

.87 

Ash _  _ 

12.36 

12.48 

11.87 

Crude  protein . .  _  _ 

10.88 

11.17 

10.36 

Excrement 

P-1 

Excrement 

P-2 

Excrement 

P-3 

Moisture  _  _  _  _  _ . 

5.00 

6.02 

5.11 

Total  nitrogen  _  _  _  .  .  _  _ _ 

6.69 

6.14 

6.59 

Uric  acid  nitrogen  _  _ _ 

4.79 

4.05 

4.27 

Ether  extract  -  _ _ _ _  _ 

6.94 

6.59 

6.89 

Ammonia  nitrogen  _  _ _  -- 

.59 

.61 

.53 

Crude  fiber  _  _ _ 

12.81 

10.37 

12.16 

Nitrogpn  free  extract  _  _ 

43.93 

41.61 

44.32 

TTrie  acid  __  -  _ 

14.37 

12.16 

12.82 

Ammonia  _ _  -  --  - 

.71 

.74 

.64 

Ash  _  -  -  _  -  - 

8.01 

13.26 

6.92 

(PriiHp  nr nt, pin  _ _ _ 

8.23 

9.25 

11.24 

- - — - 

Moisture _ 

Total  nitrogen - 

Uric  acid  nitrogen. .. 
Ammonia  nitrogen... 

Ether  extract - 

Crude  fiber - 

Nitrogen  free  extract 

Uric  acid _ 

Ammonia.  _ - 

Ash _ 

Crude  protein - 


Excrement 

P-4 

Excrement 

P-5 

Excrement 

P-6 

6.18 

7.22 

6.39 

6.24 

6.09 

6.00 

4.01 

3.94 

4.03 

.57 

.66 

.51 

7.21 

6.49 

6.45 

11.86 

10.91 

12.33 

43.62 

42.13 

41.83 

12.03 

11.82 

12.09 

.69 

.80 

.62 

8.01 

1.130 

11.12 

10.40 

9.33 

9.17 

100 


1ST.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Excrement  Analysis — Continued. 


Excrement 

Q-i 

Excrement 

Q-2 

Excrement 

Q-3 

Moisture  _  -  . _  ..  -  _  .. 

15.00 

14.89 

14.93 

Total  nitrogen _ ....  _ _  _ _ _ 

5.90 

6.07 

5.96 

Uric  acid  nitrogen  ............  ... 

3.77 

3.84 

3.72 

Ammonia  nitrogen _ _ _ 

.71 

.81 

.76 

Ether  extract _  .  .  ..  .  ..  _ 

3.48 

3.54 

3.55 

Crude  fiber _  _  .  .  _  . 

9.61 

9.75 

9.77 

Nitrogen  free  extract _  .  ..  .  _ _ 

30.80 

31.38 

31.11 

Uric  acid  ..  _ 

11.31 

11.53 

11.16 

Ammonia _  _  _ _ -  _. 

.86 

.98 

.92 

Ash _ _  _  _ _ _ _ 

19.94 

19.06 

19.25 

Crude  protein  _  .  _  _ _ 

9.00 

8.87 

9.31 

Excrement 

R-l 

Excrement 

R-2 

Excrement 

R-3 

Moisture...  .  _  _ _ _ _  _ 

12.13 

10.39 

8.96 

Total  nitrogen . .  _  _  ... 

7.95 

8.22 

7.98 

Uric  acid  nitrogen _  .  ...  _ _ 

4.74 

4.66 

4.34 

Ammonia  nitrogen _  _  _ _ 

.73 

.68 

.60 

Ether  extract. _ _  .  .  _  _ _ 

4.60 

4.59 

5.81 

Crude  fiber  ...  _  _  _ _ _ 

7.21 

7.61 

8.07 

Nitrogen  free  extract  ...  _  . 

26.43 

29.84 

35.70 

Uric  acid _ _ _  ..... 

14.22 

13.98 

13.01 

Ammonia _  _  .  . ...  ..  _ 

.89 

.83 

.73 

Ash...  _  _ _  ...  _  _ 

19.02 

15.72 

8.67 

Crude  protein..  ..  _.  ... _ _ 

15.50 

17.05 

19.05 

Excrement 

R-4 

Excrement 

R-5 

Moisture.. .  ..  _  _  .  .  _. 

Total  nitrogen _ _ _ 

9.17 

7.50 

10.16 

7. 19 

Uric  acid  nitrogen _  ._  _  ..  . 

4.27 

4.31 

Ammonia  nitrogen _ _  .  _  .. 

.67 

.59 

Ether  extract.  _  _ _  _ 

5.60 

5.33 

Crude  fiber _ 

6.55 

5.93 

Nitrogen  free  extract _ _  _  .  .. 

39.22 

38.49 

Uric  acid  _  _ _  .  .  _  _ 

12.81 

12.93 

Ammonia _  .  .  _ _ 

.81 

.71 

Ash.  .  .  _.  _  __  _ 

9.83 

12.14 

Crude  protein  _  ..  ..  _  ... 

16.01 

14.31 

Excrement 


ETC. 


101 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds, 


Excrement  Analysis — Continued. 


Excrement 

S-l 

Excrement 

S-2 

Excrement 

S-3 

Moisture.,  .  _ 

7.92 

8.36 

7.26 

Total  nitrogen _  .. 

6.63 

7.40 

6.47 

Uric  acid  nitrogen _ 

3.71 

4.05 

3.68 

Ammonia  nitrogen . . 

.64 

.69 

.55 

Ether  extract  .  .... 

3.57 

3.22 

3.55 

Crude  fiber _  _ 

11.31 

12.24 

10.36 

Nitrogen  free  extract _  . 

42.94 

39.65 

42.73 

Uric  acid _  ... 

11.14 

12.16 

11.03 

Ammonia _ _ _  _  _ _  .  . 

.78 

.84 

.67 

Ash _  _  . 

8.09 

10.64 

10.33 

Crude  Protein _  .. 

14.25 

12.87 

14.07 

Excrement 

S-4 

Excrement 

S-5 

Excrement 

S-6 

Moisture  . .  _  .... 

8.03 

6.96 

7.06 

Tntn.1  nitrogen  _  .  _ 

6.55 

6.74 

6.68 

Uric  acid  nitrogen  . 

3.74 

4.00 

3.94 

\  mmnnia  nitros-en  .  _ 

.64 

.56 

.61 

F!tVipr  px  tract,  _  - 

3.19 

3.56 

3.45 

(PrnHp  fiber  _ 

10.64 

11.66 

10.99 

43.71 

40.96 

41.70 

11.22 

12.01 

11.83 

.77 

.68 

.74 

8.84 

10.49 

10.92 

13.60 

13.68 

13.31 

Excrement 

Excrement 

Excrement 

T-l 

T-2 

T-3 

10.31 

12.02 

10.86 

5.24 

5.38 

5.42 

3.30 

3.41 

3.40 

.63 

uric  aciu  diw ugcu - 

.77 

.81 

2.59 

Ammonid,  m ti  - 

2.51 

2.46 

15.14 

14.92 

14.21 

31.29 

32.14 

33 . 95 

9.89 

77 

In itrogen  irec  cxu  -  - 

10.23 

10.19 

.94 

.98 

.  i  l 

21.13 

21.25 

iy.  oo 

ft  1  Q 

7.55 

7.60 

102 


~N.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Excrement  Analysis — Continued. 


Excrement 

T-4 

Excrement 

T-5 

Excrement 

U-l 

Moisture  _  _  _  _  __  _  _  _ 

11.12 

10.99 

8.91 

Total  nitrogen _  _  __  _  _  _ 

5.23 

5.33 

6.60 

Uric  acid  nitrogen  _  _  _  . 

3.29 

3.30 

3.94 

Ammonia  nitrogen . .  _  _  .  _  _ 

.66 

.73 

.80 

Ether  extract  _  .  _ _  _ 

2.49 

2.56 

3.45 

Crude  fiber  _  _  __  _  . _ 

14.71 

14.92 

11.98 

Nitrogen  free  extract  ...  ...  _ 

34.44 

34.17 

37.56 

Uric  acid  -  -  -  -  -  .  -  _ 

9.86 

9.91 

11.83 

Ammonia  __  .  ....  .....  ... 

.80 

.89 

.97 

Ash _  _ _ ...  .  _  .  _ 

18.53 

18.45 

13.63 

Crude  protein .  ..  ._  . 

8.05 

8.11 

11.67 

Excrement 

U-2 

Excrement 

U-3 

Excrement 

U-4 

Moisture..  _  _  _ ...  ...  _  _ 

7.93 

8.62 

9.33 

Total  nitrogen,  .  __ 

6.47 

6.25 

6.27 

Uric  acid  nitrogen.  .  .  ......  .. 

3.98 

3.67 

3.94 

Ammonia  nitrogen  .  .  _ _  .. 

.69 

.78 

.59 

Ether  extract.  _  .  ...  _ _ 

1.94 

3.63 

3.62 

Crude  fiber _  ....  ...  .... 

11.75 

11.36 

11.17 

Nitrogen  free  extract .  . 

39.75 

39.94 

40.33 

Uric  acid _ _ _  .  _  _ 

Ammonia _ _  .  ...... 

11.90 

.84 

11.02 

.95 

11.82 

.71 

Ash.  ._  _  .. _  _  _ _  .  _ 

14.64 

13.22 

12. 13 

Crude  protein  .  ...... 

11.25 

11.26 

10.89 

Excrement 

U-5 

Excrement 

V-l 

Ecxrement 

V-2 

Moisture..  .  _  _  _  __  ._  _ 

8.32 

8.23 

9.01 

Total  nitrogen _ _  .  _ 

6.47 

6.29 

6.27 

Uric  acid  nitrogen.  _  .  ... 

3.97 

4.00 

3.92 

Ammonia  nitrogen  ..  ...  _  .  _ 

.61 

.65 

.73 

Ether  extract _  .  .......  _ 

3.63 

3.70 

3.59 

Crude  fiber.  .  ..  _  ...  _ 

12.20 

13.32 

12.50 

Nitrogen  free  extract  .  .... 

40.18 

38.55 

38.19 

Uric  acid  _  .  .  ...  .... 

11.91 

11.99 

11.96 

Ammonia _ _  _  .  _  .  _ 

.74 

.79 

.89 

Ash  _  .  _  . 

11.26 

13.15 

13.90 

Crude  protein . .  .  _ _ 

11.76 

10.27 

10.16 

103 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc.  * 


Excrement  Analysis — Continued. 


Excrement 

W-l 

Excrement 

W-2 

Excrement 

W-3 

Moisture _ _  _  _  _  _ 

6.93 

7.06 

6.89 

Total  nitrogen _ _  _  _ .  . 

6.41 

6.51 

6.46 

Uric  acid  nitrogen  .  _  _ _ _ 

4.35 

4.39 

4.42 

Ammonia  nitrogen _  -  -  _  - 

.52 

.63 

.48 

Ether  extract  - _  -  -  _  - _ 

3.79 

3.53 

3.52 

Crude  fiber  _  _  _ 

14.17 

14.33 

14.56 

Nitrogen  free  extract  -  -  -  _ 

42.29 

40.94 

41.67 

Uric  acid  _ 

12.06 

13.16 

13.27 

Ammonia  _  _  _  _ 

.63 

.77 

.58 

h  _  _ 

9.47 

10.80 

9.66 

CVrnrlp  nrotein  _  _ _ - 

9.66 

9.41 

9.85 

104 


1ST.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


DIGESTIVE  COEFFICIENTS 

Chicken  A-l 


Intake 

grams 

Outgo 

grams 

Assimilation 

grams 

Coefficient 

Organic  matter.-  _ 

82.86 

47.56 

35.30 

42.60 

Crude  protein..  .  _ 

14.33 

7.26 

7.07 

49.33 

Ether  extract.  ..  _ _ _ 

3.94 

1.99 

1.95 

49.49 

Crude  fiber _ 

6.00 

5.45 

0.55 

9.10 

Nitrogen  free  extract  .. 

58.59 

32.86 

25.73 

43.91 

Chicken  A-2 


Organic  matter.  ...  .  . 

82.86 

47.74 

35.12 

42.38 

Crude  protein _ _  _ 

14.33 

7.77 

6.56 

45.89 

Ether  extract  _ 

3.94 

1.89 

2.05 

52.03 

Crude  fiber _  _ 

6.00 

5.34 

0.66 

11.01 

Nitrogen  free  extract  ..  ...  . 

58.59 

32.74 

25.85 

44.12 

Chicken  A-3 


Organic  matter _  ..  .  . 

75.95 

43.28 

32.67 

43.01 

Crude  protein  _ _  _  .  . 

13.13 

7.15 

5.98 

45.54 

Ether  extract. .  ... _ _ 

3.61 

1.70 

1.91 

52.91 

Crude  fiber _  _  - 

5.50 

5.01 

0.49 

8.97 

Nitrogen  free  extract 

53.71 

29.42 

24.29 

45.22 

Chicken  A-4 


Organic  matter _ _  _ 

90.63 

49.20 

41.43 

45.70 

Crude  protein - -  - 

15.67 

9.60 

6.07 

38.73 

Ether  extract _ _  _ 

4.31 

1.93 

2.38 

52.22 

Crude  fiber  ...  _  _ 

6.56 

6.02 

0.54 

8.16 

Nitrogen  free  extract .  ...  .. 

64.09 

31.65 

32.44 

56.01 

Chicken  A-5 


Organic  matter.. _ 

98.40 

50.06 

48.34 

49. 12 

Crude  protein _  _  —  . 

17.02 

9.40 

7.62 

44.77 

Ether  extract _  _ 

4.68 

2.37 

•  2.31 

49.35 

Crude  fiber _  . 

7.12 

6.55 

0.57 

7.99 

Nitrogen  free  extract  _ 

69.58 

31.74 

37.84 

54.38 

Chicken  A- 6 


Organic  matter  ..  _ 

98.40 

53.94 

44.46 

45.19 

Crude  protein _  _ 

17.02 

9.48 

7.54 

44.59 

Ether  extract  - -  - 

4.68 

2.53 

2.15 

45.94 

Crude  fiber..  ... 

7.12 

6.41 

.71 

10.00 

Nitrogen  free  extract  _ _ _ 

69.58 

35.52 

34.06 

48.91 

Digestive  Coefficients 


of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


105 


Digestive  Coefficients — Continued. 


Chicken  A-7 


Intake 

grams 

Outgo 

grams 

Assimilation 

grams 

Coefficient 

Organic  matter  . 

Crude  protein  _  _  _ 

Ether  extract  _ 

Crude  fiber 

Nitrogen  free  extract 

207.18 

35.83 

9.86 

15.00 

146.49 

102.79 

14.48 

4.32 

13.78 

70.21 

104.39 

21.35 

5.54 

1.22 

76.28 

50.38 

59.92 

56.91 

8.19 

52.07 

Chicken  A-8 

Organic  matter  __  __  _ 

207.18 

100.43 

106.75 

51.52 

Crude  protein  _  _ 

35.83 

13.36 

22.47 

62.71 

Ether  extract  .  _  _  _  . .  . 

9.86 

4.03 

5.83 

59.12 

Crude  fiber _  _ 

15.00 

13.80 

1.20 

8.00 

Nitrogen  free  extract _ 

146.49 

69.24 

77.25 

52.73 

Chicken  A-9 


Organic  matter _ _ 

177.01 

90.75 

86.26 

49.85 

Crude  protein 

30.65 

12.61 

18.04 

58.89 

Ether  extract 

8.42 

3.71 

4.71 

55.92 

Crude  fiber  _ .  _ _ 

12.81 

11.64 

1.17 

9.13 

Nitrogen  free  extract .  _  _ 

125.13 

62.79 

62.34 

49.82 

Totals  and  Averages  of  Chickens  A-l,  -2,  -3,  -4,  -5,  -6,  -7,  -8,  and  -9 


Total 

grams 

Intake 

Total 

grams 

Outgo 

Total 

grams 

Assimilated 

Coefficient 

Organic  matter  _  _ 

1120.47 

585.75 

534.72 

47.72 

Ornde  nrntein 

193.81 

91.11 

102.70 

52.91 

TTlt.Vipr  PYtrfl.pt 

53.30 

24.47 

28.83 

54.09 

Ornde  fiber  -  _ 

81.11 

74.00 

7.11 

8.76 

792.25 

396.17 

396.08 

49.99 

- - 

— 

Chicken  B-l 


Intake 

grams 

140.96 

16.48 

8.16 

4.16 

Nitrogen  free  extract - 

112.16 

Outgo 

grams 

Assimilation 

grams 

Coefficient 

21.48 

119.48 

84.76 

4.58 

11.90 

72.20 

1.21 

6.95 

85.17 

3.93 

0.23 

5.62 

11.76 

100.40 

89.51 

106 


~N.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Digestive  Coefficients — Continued. 


Chicken  B-2 


Intake 

grams 

Outgo 

grams 

Assimilation 

grams 

Coefficient 

Organic  matter..  .  _ 

140.96 

22.72 

118.24 

83.88 

Crude  protein _ _ _  _ 

16.48 

5.45 

11.01 

66.49 

Ether  extract _ _ _ 

8.16 

1.63 

6.53 

80.02 

Crude  fiber..  _ _ _ 

4.16 

3.91 

0.25 

6.12 

Nitrogen  free  extract _  . 

112.16 

11.73 

100.43 

89.54 

Chicken  B-3* 


Organic  matter _ _ 

70.48 

13.73 

56.75 

80.52 

Crude  protein ..  _  _ 

8.24 

3.08 

5.16 

62.63 

Ether  extract  _  _  .. 

4.08 

1.03 

3.05 

74.75 

Crude  fiber  ._  _  __  _  _ 

2.08 

1.97 

0.11 

5.37 

Nitrogen  free  extract  _ _ 

6.08 

7.65 

48.43 

86.62 

*  Only  two  days  completed  on  digestion  period — went  off  feed. 


Chicken  B-4 


Organic  matter _  __  - 

140.96 

21.53 

119.43 

84.01 

Crude  protein _  _ 

16.48 

5.49 

10.99 

66.08 

Ether  extract-  .  ----- 

8.16 

2.50 

5.66 

69.36 

Nitrogen  free  extract  -  . 

112.16 

9.64 

102.52 

91.55 

Crude  fiber 

4.16 

3.90 

0.26 

6.31 

Chicken  B-6 


Organic  matter  -  _ 

138.54 

22.15 

116.39 

84.01 

Crude  protein  ..  _ 

16.96 

4.51 

11.45 

71.74 

Ether  extract.-  -  -  _ 

7.90 

2.58 

5.32 

67.00 

Crude  fiber  .  _  _ _ _  . 

4.03 

3.79 

0.24 

5.98 

Nitrogen  free  extract  _ . 

110.65 

11.27 

99.38 

89.81 

Totals 

and  Averages  of  Chickens  B-l,  -2,  -3,  -4,  and  -6 

T  otal 

Total 

Total 

grams 

grams 

grams 

Coefficient 

Intake 

Outgo 

Assimilated 

Organic  matter _ 

631.90 

101.61 

530.29 

83.91 

Crude  protein  _  _  _  .. 

73.64 

23.11 

50.53 

68.71 

Ether  extract _  _ 

36.46 

8.95 

27.51 

75.26 

Crude  fiber .  _  .  _ 

18.59 

17.50 

1.09 

5.86 

Nitrogen  free  extract .  _ 

503.21 

52.05 

451.16 

89.40 

107 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


Digestive  Coefficients — Continued. 


Chicken  C-2 


Intake 

grams 

Outgo 

grams 

Assimilation 

grams 

Coefficient 

Organic  matter.. 

132.10 

28.07 

104.03 

78.71 

Crude  protein .  . 

18.75 

6.96 

11.79 

62.88 

Ether  extract _ 

4.35 

3.03 

1.22 

28.27 

Crude  fiber _ 

4.90 

4.88 

0.02 

0.40 

Nitrogen  free  extract  _. 

104.10 

13.18 

90.92 

87.33 

Chicken  C-l 


Organic  matter.  ... 

140.64 

26.96 

112.40 

79.92 

Crude  protein _ 

20.00 

7.48 

12.52 

62.10 

Ether  extract.  _  _ 

4.64 

2.20 

2.44 

52.58 

Crude  fiber _  _  . . . 

4.96 

4.22 

.74 

15.14 

Nitrogen  free  extract _ 

111.04 

12.86 

98.18 

88.41 

Chicken  C-3 


Organic  matter _  .  ...  ... 

140.64 

33.45 

107.17 

76.20 

Crude  protein - 

20.00 

7.75 

12.25 

61.12 

Ether  extract _  _  ... 

4.64 

3.47 

1.17 

25.21 

Crude  fiber..  - 

4.96 

4.33 

0.63 

12.17 

Nitrogen  free  extract -  . 

111.04 

17.90 

93.14 

83.88 

Chicken  C-4 


127.80 

28.35 

99.34 

77.66 

protein 

18.12 

6.98 

11.14 

61.47 

pettier  extract  _  _  __ 

4.20 

2.20 

2.00 

47.61 

4.85 

4.61 

0.24 

4.94 

Nitrogen  free  extract 

100.63 

14.56 

86.07 

85.43 

_ 

Chicken  C-5 


140.64 

27.33 

113.39 

80. 55 

20.00 

7.50 

12.50 

62.50 

4.64 

2.56 

2.08 

44.87 

4.96 

4.77 

0.19 

3.83 

88.84 

114.04 

12.50 

98.54 

- — 

140.64 

20.00 

4.64 

4.96 

V_/i  UUC  11UG1  - - 

111.04 

Chicken  C-6 


30.80 

109.65 

7.97 

12.03 

3.30 

1.30 

4.90 

0.06 

14.63 

96.41 

77.96 

60.15 

28.01 

1.41 

86.82 


108 


N".  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Digestive  Coefficients — Continued. 


Totals  and  Averages  of  Chickens  C-l,  -2,  -3,  -4,  -5,  and  -6 


Total 

grams 

Intake 

Total 

grams 

Outgo 

Total 

grams 

Assimilated 

Coefficient 

Organic  matter. .  _  .  _ 

822.46 

174.74 

647.72 

78.50 

Crude  protein _ _  _  . 

116.87 

44.64 

72.23 

61.70 

Ether  extract-  _  .  .  . 

27.11 

16.76 

10.35 

37.76 

Crude  fiber ...  .  _ _ - 

29.59 

27.71 

1.88 

5.40 

Nitrogen  free  extract  ...  -  . 

648.89 

85.03 

563.26 

86.78 

Chicken  D-7 


Intake 

grams 

Outgo 

grams 

Assimilation 

grams 

Coefficient 

Organic  matter 

206.06 

78.66 

127.40 

61.82 

Crude  protein  .  _  _ 

27.88 

8.46 

19.42 

69.69 

Ether  extract  .  _  _ 

7.24 

2.14 

5.10 

70.44 

Crude  fiber _ 

28.99 

23.26 

5.73 

19.76 

Nitrogen  free  extract.  . 

141.93 

44.80  ■ 

97.13 

68.43 

Chicken  D-8 


Organic  matter- .  _ 

206.06 

72.22 

133.84 

64.94 

Crude  protein _ _ 

27.88 

8.70 

19.18 

68.79 

Ether  extract  ..  -  _  _  . 

7.24 

1.80 

5.44 

75.13 

Crude  fiber ...  -  ... 

28.99 

25.16 

3.83 

13.21 

Nitrogen  free  extract  . 

141.93 

36.56 

105.37 

74.24 

Chicken  D-9 


Organic  matter _ 

206.06 

70.75 

135.28 

65.65 

Crude  protein  __  __  _  . 

27.88 

7.20 

20.68 

74.17 

Ether  extract.  -  .  --  . 

7.24 

1.70 

5.54 

76.51 

Crude  fiber.  ...  ...  _ 

28.99 

26.97 

2.01 

6.93 

Nitrogen  free  extract.  .  _  _  _ 

141.93 

34.88 

107.05 

75.43 

Chicken  D-10 


Organic  matter. 

206.06 

73.65 

132.39 

64.73 

Crude  nrotein  _  _ 

27.88 

6.20 

21.68 

77.79 

Ether  extract.  _ 

7.24 

1.72 

5.52 

76.24 

Crude  fiber.  _  .. 

28.99 

25.20 

3.79 

13.07 

Nitrogen  free  extract 

141.93 

40.53 

101.40 

71.44 

Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc.  109 


Organic  matter _ 

Crude  protein _ 

Ether  extract _ 

Crude  fiber _ 

Nitrogen  free  extract 


Digestive  Coefficients — Continued. 
Chicken  D-ll 


Intake 

grams 

Outgo 

grams 

Assimilation 

grams 

Coefficient 

206.06 

7  '.85 

127.21 

61.73 

27.88 

6.93 

20.95 

75. 14 

7.24 

1.83 

5.41 

74.72 

28.99 

26.84 

2.15 

7.41 

141.93 

43.25 

98.68 

69.52 

Chicken  D-12 


Organic  matter _ 

206.06 

74.65 

131.41 

63.82 

Crude  protein _ 

27.88 

6.87 

21.01 

75.35 

Ether  extract  _  . .  _ 

7.24 

1.93 

5.31 

73.48 

Crude  fiber  _ _  _  . . 

28.99 

26.15 

2.84 

9.79 

Nitrogen  free  extract ...  . 

141.93 

39.70 

102.23 

72.02 

Total  and  Averages  of  Chickens  D-7,  -8,  -9,  10,  -11,  and  -12 


Total 

Intake 

grams 

Total 

Outgo 

grams 

Total 

Assimilation 

grams 

Coefficient 

Organic  matter 

1236.36 

448.78 

787.53 

63.78 

Crude  protein 

167.28 

44.36 

122.92 

73.49 

Ether  extract  _ 

43.44 

11.12 

32.32 

74.42 

Crude  fiber 

173.94 

153.58 

20.36 

11.69 

Nitrogen  free  extract _ 

851.58 

239.72 

611.86 

88.18 

Chicken  E-2 


Intake 

grams 

Outgo 

grams 

Assimilation 

grams 

Coefficient 

218.38 

36.49 

181.89 

83.29 

25.75 

6.71 

19.04 

73.94 

14.40 

1.82 

12.58 

87.43 

4.56 

4.47 

0.09 

1.97 

173.65 

23.49 

150.16 

86.47 

Chicken  E-3 


218.38 

34.78 

183.60 

84.07 

72.42 

86.16 

4.16 

87.72 

25.75 

7.10 

18.65 

14.40 

2.00 

12.40 

4.56 

4.37 

0.19 

173.65 

21.31 

152.34 

no 


X.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Digestive  Coefficients — Continued. 
Chicken  E-5 


Intake 

grams 

Outgo 

grams 

Assimilation 

grams 

Coefficient 

Organic  matter _ 

218.38 

29.13 

189.25 

86.65 

Crude  protein . .  _  _ 

25.75 

6.62 

19.13 

74.29 

Ether  extract _  _ 

14.40 

2.03 

12.37 

85.96 

Crude  fiber _  _ 

4.56 

3.94 

0.62 

13.59 

Nitrogen  free  extract _ 

173.65 

16.54 

157.11 

90.47 

Chicken  E-8 


Organic  matter .  _  _ _ 

202. 11 

32.27 

169.84 

84.03 

Crude  protein .  .  _ _ 

23.83 

5.70 

18. 13 

76.08 

Ether  extract  . 

13.33 

1.75 

11.58 

86.93 

Crude  fiber  _  _ 

4.22 

4.05 

0.17 

4.02 

Nitrogen  free  extract 

160.71 

20.77 

139.94 

87.07 

Chicken  E-ll 


Organic  matter ..  ....  _ 

205.53 

30.03 

175.50 

85.34 

Crude  protein . .  _  .  .  _ 

24.24 

6.43 

17.81 

73.47 

Ether  extract . .  _  .  _ 

13.56 

2.06 

11.50 

84.86 

Nitrogen  free  extract _  _ 

163.44 

17.66 

145.78 

89.19 

Total  and  Averages  of 

Chickens  E-2,  -3,  -5,  -8,  and  -11 

Total 

Total 

Total 

Intake 

Outgo 

Assimilation 

Coefficient 

grams 

grams 

grams 

Organic  matter _ _ 

1062.78 

162.70 

900.08 

84.67 

Crude  protein .  .  ...  _ 

125.32 

32.56 

92.76 

74.04 

Ether  extract .  _  _  _ 

70.09 

9.66 

60.43 

86.26 

Crude  fiber _  _  __  __ 

22.19 

20.71 

1.48 

6.66 

Nitrogen  free  extract _ 

845.10 

99.77 

745.33 

88.18 

Chicken  F-l.  Ration:  Corn  Meal 2-3,  Meat  Scrap  and  Bone  Meal  1-3. 


Digestive  Coefficients 


of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


Ill 


Coefficient 
Meat  Scraps 

86.82 

91.86 

94.31 

3.46 

76.00 

Gr.  Meat  Scrap 
Digested 

45.46 

27.96 

10.47 

0.06 

6.97 

Gr.  Corn  meal 
Digested 

116.01 

11.96 

7.79 

0.19 

96.08 

Total 

Assimilation 

161.47 

39.92 

18.26 

0.25 

103.05 

Total 

Outgo 

27.91 

6.68 

1.88 

4.25 

15.08 

Total 

Intake 

189.38 

46.60 

20.14 

4.50 

118.13 

Gr.  Meat  Scrap 
Intake 

52.36 

30.44 

11.10 

1.64 

9.17 

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Chicken  G-l  Ration:  Corn  Meal  80%,  Tankage  20%. 


112 


1ST.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


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ETC. 


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Chicken  N-l.  Ration:  Corn  Meal  2-3.  Cottonseed  Meal  1-3. 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc 


123 


Coefficient 

Cottonseed 

Meal 

71.87 

81.13 

78.00 

6.31 

79.61 

Gr.  Cottonseed 
Meal 
Digested 

48.76 

26.16 

5.05 

0.48 

17.07 

Gr.  Corn  Meal 
Digested 

115.71 

10.70 

7.57 

0.31 

97.13 

Total 

Assimilation 

grams 

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36.86 

12.62 

0.79 

114.20 

Total 

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grams 

42.41 

9.94 

2.82 

11.53 

18.12 

Total 

Intake 

grams 

206.88 

46.80 

15.44 

12.32 

132.32 

Gr.  Cottonseed 
Meal  Intake 

67.84 

32.24 

6.48 

7.68 

21.44 

Gr.  Corn  Meal 
Intake 

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14.56 

8.96 

4.64 

110.88 

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Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc.  125 


Organic  matter _ 

Crude  protein _ 

Ether  extract _ 

Crude  fiber _ 

Nitrogen  free  extract. 


Chicken  0-2 


Intake 

grams 

Outgo 

grams 

Assimilation 

grams 

Coefficient 

208.56 

34.33 

174.21 

83.53 

21.84 

5.77 

16.07 

73.60 

13.44 

1.90 

11.45 

85.20 

6.06 

6.45 

0.49 

7.00 

166.32 

20.12 

146.20 

87.90 

Chicken  0-3 


Organic  matter _ 

208.56 

34.25 

174.31 

83.50 

Crude  protein _  . 

21.84 

5.92 

15.92 

72.90 

Ether  extract  _  _ 

13.44 

2.06 

11.38 

84.70 

Crude  fiber  _  .  . 

6.96 

6.48 

0.48 

6.90 

Nitrogen  free  extract .  .  . . 

166.32 

19.79 

146.53 

88.10 

Chicken  0-5 


Organic  matter _ 

208.56 

36.21 

172.35 

82.60 

Crude  protein  _ _  ... 

21.84 

5.70 

16.14 

73.90 

Ether  extract  ------  . 

13.44 

2.21 

11.23 

83.60 

Crude  fiber _  . .  -  -  -  -  -  - 

6.96 

6.51 

0.45 

6.50 

Nitrogen  free  extract _ 

166.32 

21.79 

144.53 

86.99 

Totals  and  Averages  of  Chickens  0-2,  -3,  and  -5. 


Total 

Total 

Total 

Intake 

Outgo 

Assimilation 

Coefficient 

grams 

grams 

grams 

Organic  matter .  - -  - 

625.68 

104.79 

520.87 

83.21 

Crude  protein. -  - 

65.52 

17.39 

48.13 

73.50 

Efber  extract 

40.32 

6.26 

34.06 

84.50 

Crude  fiber 

20.88 

19.44 

1.44 

6.80 

Nitrogen  free  extract - 

498.96 

61.70 

437.26 

87.60 

Chicken  P-1 


Intake 

grams 

Outgo 

grams 

Assimilation 

grams 

Coefficient 

207.36 

88.66 

118.70 

57.24 

40.56 

8.40 

32.16 

79.28 

12.24 

7.08 

5.13 

42.16 

20.40 

18.17 

2.23 

11. 12 

59.00 

134.16 

55.01 

79.15 

126 


N".  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Chicken  P-2 


Intake 

grams 

Outgo 

grams 

Assimilation 

grams 

Coefficient 

grams 

Organic  matter  .  _  __ 

207.36 

93.06 

114.30 

55.12 

Crude  protein  _  _  _ 

40.56 

10.08 

30.48 

75.15 

Ether  extract _  -  _ _  _ 

12.24 

7.19 

5.05 

41.26 

Crude  fiber  ...  _ 

20.40 

18.36 

2.04 

10.01 

Nitrogen  free  extract 

134.16 

57.43 

76.73 

57.19 

Chicken  P-3 


Organic  matter.  .  _  _  ... 

207.36 

92.85 

114.51 

55.22 

Crude  protein _ 

40.56 

11.36 

29.20 

71.98 

Ether  extract . .  .  .  _ 

12.24 

6.96 

5.28 

43.16 

Crude  fiber  ..  _ _ 

20.40 

18.33 

2.07 

10.18 

Nitrogen  free  extract _ ... 

134.16 

56.20 

77.96 

58.11 

Chicken  P-4 


Organic  matter  _  ._  _ 

207.36 

84.20 

123.16 

59.39 

Crude  protein  ... 

40.56 

9.68 

30.88 

76. 13 

Ether  extract _ 

12.24 

6.71 

5.53 

.  45.19 

Crude  fiber  _  ..  _ _ 

20.40 

18.33 

2.07 

10.14 

Nitrogen  free  extract  .. 

134.16 

49.48 

84.68 

63.12 

Chicken  P-5 


Organic  matter _  . .  _  _ 

207.36 

92.94 

114.42 

55.17 

Crude  protein . 

40.56 

10.17 

30.39 

74.94 

Ether  extract  .  _ 

12.24 

7.08 

5.16 

42. 16 

Crude  fiber  _  _  _____ 

20.40 

18.38 

2.02 

9.89 

Nitrogen  free  extract _ 

134.16 

57.31 

76.85 

57.28 

Chicken  P-6 


Organic  matter _  ___  _ 

207.36 

93.34 

114.02 

55.22 

Crude  protein  _  _  _  _  _  _  _  _ 

40.56 

10.09 

30.47 

95.12 

Ether  extract  _  _  ______ 

12.24 

7.10 

5.14 

41.98 

Crude  fiber _  _ _  _ 

20.40 

18.34 

2.06 

10.09 

Nitrogen  free  extract  _____ 

134.16 

57.71 

76.35 

56.91 

Totals  and  Averages  of 

Chickens  P-1,  -2 

-3,  -4,  -5,  and  6. 

Total 

Total 

Total 

Intake 

Outgo 

Assimilation 

Coefficient 

\ 

grams 

grams 

grams 

Organic  matter  _  _ 

1244.16 

545.05 

699.11 

56.19 

Crude  protein  _  _  __  _  __ 

243.36 

59.78 

183.58 

75.43 

Ether  extract  _ _ 

73.44 

42.12 

31.32 

42.64 

Crude  fiber  _ _ _ 

122.40 

109.91 

12.49 

10.20 

Nitrogen  free  extract 

804.96 

333.14 

471.72 

58.61 

Chicken  Q-l.  Ration:  Corn  Meal  %,  Rye  }i. 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds 


etc. 


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128 


C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Totals  and  Averages  of  Chickens  Q-l,  -2,  and  -3. 

Rye  Only 


Total 

Intake 

grams 

T  otal 

Outgo 

grams 

T  otal 

Assimilation 

grams 

Coefficient 

Organic  matter  _  __ 

137.76 

30.87 

106.98 

77.65 

Crude  protein  _ 

18.72 

5.27 

13.45 

71.85 

Ether  extract  _ 

3.30 

2.38 

0.92 

27.87 

Crude  fiber..  .... 

5.34 

5.09 

0.25 

4.68 

Nitrogen  free  extract  _ 

110.40 

18.04 

92.36 

83.65 

ETC. 


129 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds, 


Organic  matter _ 

Crude  protein _ 

Ether  extract _ 

Crude  fiber . . 

Nitrogen  free  extract 


Organic  matter _ 

Crude  protein _ 

Ether  extract _ 

Crude  fiber . . 

Nitrogen  free  extract 


Chicken  R-l 


Intake 

grams 

Outgo 

grams 

Assimilation 

grams 

Coefficient 

212.88 

32.25 

180.63 

84.84 

33.36 

9.30 

24.06 

72.12 

20.88 

2.76 

18. 12 

86.7a 

4.56 

4.33 

0.23 

5.15 

154.08 

15.86 

138.22 

89.71 

Chicken  R-2 


212.88 

33.68 

179.20 

84.13 

33.36 

9.72 

23.64 

70.85 

20.88 

2.61 

18.27 

87.49 

4.56 

4.34 

0.22 

4.98 

154.08 

17.01 

137.07 

88.96 

Chicken  R-3 


Organic  matter. __ 

212.88 

37.07 

175.81 

82.06 

Crude  protein _ _ 

33.36 

10.29 

23.07 

69. 14 

Ether  extract .  _  _ 

20.88 

3.14 

17.74 

84.98 

Crude  fiber.  _ 

4.56 

4.36 

0.20 

4.37 

Nitrogen  free  extract  _  _  .  . 

154.08 

19.28 

134.80 

87.49 

Chicken  R-4 


Organic  matter .... 

212.88 

44.48 

168.40 

79.11 

Crude  protein  _ _ _ _  . 

33.36 

10.57 

22.79 

68.31 

Ether  extract  _ _  ... 

20.88 

3.70 

17.18 

82.26 

Crude  fiber  ....  _ 

4. 56 

4.32 

0.24 

5.17 

Nitrogen  free  extract _ 

154.08 

25.89. 

128.19 

83.19 

Ch.cken  R-5 


Organic  matter  .  _  . .  _ 

212.88 

46.76 

166.12 

78.45 

Ornde  protein  .  ... 

33.36 

10.44 

22.92 

68.71 

Ether  extract -  ...  - 

20.88 

3.89 

16.99 

81.39 

Crude  fiber - - 

4.56 

4.33 

0.23 

4.98 

Nitrogen  free  extract - 

154.08 

28.10 

125.98 

81.76 

Totals  and  Averages  of  Chickens  R-l,  -2,  -3,  -4,  and  -5. 


T  otal 

Intake 

grams 

Total 

Outgo 

gram 

Total 

Assimilation 

grams 

r 

Coefficient 

Organic  matter - 

Crude  protein - - 

Ether  extract - - - 

Crude,  fiber _ 

1064.40 

166.80 

104.40 

22.80 

770.40 

194.24 

50.32 

16.10 

21.68 

106.14 

870.16 

116.48 

88.30 

1.12 

664. 26 

81.75 

69.83 

84.57 

4.91 

86.22 

Foul. — 9 


Chicken  S-l.  Ration:  Corn  Meal  Buckwheat  l/i 


130 


1ST.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


Coefficient 

Buckwheat 

71.93 

56.18 

86.23 

6.76 

83.16 

Gr.  Buckwheat 
Digested 

37.38 

3.74 

1.55 

0.36 

31.73 

Gr.  Corn  meal 
Digested 

130.16 

13.03 

8.51 

0.35 

109.27 

Total 

Assimilation 

167.54 

15.77 

10.06 

.71 

141.00 

Total  grams 
Outgo 

40.84 

7.27 

1.82 

9.85 

21.90 

Total  grams 
Intake 

208.38 

23.04 

11.88 

10.56 

162.90 

1 

Gr.  Buckwheat 
Intake 

51.96 

6.66 

1.80 

5.34 

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Chicken  S-4.  Ration:  Corn  Meal  %,  Buckwheat 


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1ST.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


# 


Totals  and  Averages  of  Chickens  S-l,  -2,  -3,  -4,  -5,  and  -6. 


Buckwheat  Only 


Total 

Intake 

grams 

T  otal 

Outgo 

grams 

Total 

Assimilated 

grams 

Coefficient 

Organic  matter  _  _ 

311.76 

92.30 

219.46 

70.39 

Crude  protein  _  _  _ 

39.96 

17.61 

22.35 

55.93 

Ether  extract _  _  _ 

10.80 

1.76 

9.04 

83.73 

Crude  fiber _ 

32.04 

30.01 

2.03 

6.33 

Nitrogen  free  extract  _  _  _ 

288.96 

42.72 

186.04 

81.25 

Chicken  T-l.  Ration:  Corn  Meal  Rice  34- 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


133 


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Chicken  W-l.  Ration:  Corn  Meal  %,  Wheat  Middlings  1 


138 


ET.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


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139 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds, 


% 


Totals  and  Averages  for  Chickens  W-l,  -2,  and  -3. 


Wheat  Middlings  Only 


Total 

Intake 

grams 

Total 

Outgo 

grams 

Total 

Assimilated 

grams 

Coefficient 

Organic  matter 

1.55.52 

02.58 

92.94 

59.78 

Crn He  protein  .  .. 

30.42 

0.82 

23.00 

77.57 

Ft.her  extract  .  . 

9.18 

2.55 

0. 03 

72.22 

Crude  fiber  _  - 

15.30 

14.08 

0.02 

4.05 

Nitrogen  free  extract _ ... 

100.02 

38.53 

02.09 

01.70 

141 


Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc. 


MONOGRAPHIC  TABLES  OF 
DIGESTIVE  COEFFICIENTS  WITH  POULTRY 


COMPOSITION  OF  POULTRY  FEEDS— ALL  ANALYSES  TO  DATE 


TABLE  VII 


Feed 


Barley _ 

Buckwheat _  _ _ 

Clover,  red  (Green) _ 

Corn _ 

Corn,  cracked* _ 

Corn  meal,  bolted* _ 

Corn  meal,  unbolted*. - - 

Corn  meal _ _ _ 

Cottonseed  meal - - 

Cowpeas _ 

Oats _ 

Oats,  hulled* - 

Oats,  rolled - - 

Kafir  corn - - - 

Millet - - 

Potatoes,  raw - 

Peanut  meal  (Fat  not  extracted) 

Peas - - - 

Rice _ _ _ 

Rye - 

Soybean  meal - 

Wheat _ 

Wheat  bran - 

Wheat  middlings* - 

Meat  scrap - 

Blood  meal - - 

Buttermilk  (dried)* - 

Fish  meal* - 

Meat  and  bone  meaL. 

Digester  tankage - 


Water 

Ash 

Crude 

Protein 

Fiber 

N.F.Ex 

Fat 

No.  An 
alysis 

9.31 

2.70 

11.49 

4.59 

69.82 

2.11 

302 

11.60 

2.21 

10.84 

10.10 

62.24 

2.71 

21 

73.  SO 

2.10 

4.10 

7.30 

11.70 

1.00 

85 

12.01 

1.51 

10.39 

1.80 

69.28 

5.01 

58 

10.29 

1.61 

10.30 

2.00 

70.79 

5.01 

5 

13.13 

1.23 

10.10 

1.79 

68.10 

5.65 

6 

11.10 

2.00 

9.10 

2.90 

69.30 

5. 60 

4 

11.30 

1.30 

9.30 

2.30 

72.00 

3.80 

7 

7.91 

6.40 

37.60 

11.50 

28.37 

8.20 

486 

11.60 

3.40 

23.60 

4.10 

55.80 

1.50 

11 

9.21 

3.41 

12.39 

10.10 

61 . 50 

3.39 

498 

8.20 

3.10 

13.90 

1.90 

64.20 

8.70 

5 

7.60 

2.00 

16.00 

1.50 

66.10 

6.50 

8 

11.35 

1.78 

11.02 

2.33 

70.52 

3.00 

141 

9.10 

3.30 

11.80 

7.  SO 

64.70 

3.30 

6 

78.80 

1.10 

2.20 

0.40 

17.40 

0.10 

465 

6.10 

4.90 

21.30 

16.60 

15.50 

35.60 

4 

9.20 

3.40 

22.90 

5.60 

57.80 

1.10 

6 

9.33 

5.05 

7.78 

9.60 

66.34 

1.90 

16 

9.43 

2.00 

11.80 

1.86 

73.10 

1.81 

112 

11.12 

5.38 

41.66 

5.46 

28.90 

7.48 

10 

10.20 

1.90 

12.41 

2.20 

71.19 

2.10 

864 

10.10 

6.30 

16.00 

9.50 

53.70 

4.40 

7,742 

9.29 

4.34 

15.72 

7.15 

59.00 

4.50 

10 

7.50 

16.60 

59.30 

5.00 

11.60 

31 

9.64 

3.34 

82.38 

3.77 

0.87 

50 

10.12 

6.42 

34.16 

48.31 

0.99 

4 

9.70 

31.10 

49.30 

9.90 

4 

5.60 

36.36 

39.69 

2.09 

4.89 

11.37 

63 

7.42 

19.29 

52.15 

3.11 

4.03 

14.00 

57 

♦Analyses  by  Kaupp  and  Ivey,  only. 


142 


1ST.  C.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


KAUPP-IVEY  TABLE 

Showing  Average  Digestive  Coefficients,  for  Poultry,  to  Date 

TABLE  VIII 


Feed 

Number 

of 

Trials 

Organic 

Matter 

Crude 

Protein 

Fat 

Fiber 

Nitrogen 

Free 

Extract 

Wheat  middlings ...  .  _  - - 

18 

52.55 

64.52 

53.59 

8.45 

54.81 

Corn _ 

18 

86.43 

81.05 

83.23 

5.86 

90.55 

Wheat _ 

16 

80.68 

69.82 

48.78 

6.40 

87.73 

Oats_-  _  __  -  -  -  -  -- 

19 

63.52 

73.83 

80.22 

11.69 

74.37 

Corn  meal  (bolted).  ...  -  - 

5 

84.67 

74.04 

86.26 

6.66 

88.18 

Meat  and  bone  meal  ...  .  ... 

2 

86.82 

92.17 

93.13 

3.23 

76.56 

Tankage _  _ 

2 

85.50 

90.70 

91.71 

3.94 

81.88 

Blood  meal  .  .  __  _  _ 

4 

86.71 

88.10 

78.36 

71.55 

Buttermilk  (dried).  .  .....  .... 

5 

80.79 

81.55 

78.01 

81.14 

Soybean  meal  (Fat  extracted). _ 

5 

77.61 

83.33 

81.41 

2.16 

83.14 

Peanut  meal  (Fat  not  extracted). 

5 

65.94 

80.33 

78.41 

4.08 

84.14 

Cottonseed  meal _  .  _  _ _ _ 

4 

73.32 

81.94 

79.05 

5.46 

82.92 

Corn  meal  (unbolted)  _  _  _ 

3 

83.21 

73.50 

84.50 

6.80 

87.60 

Rye -  - 

4 

77.65 

71.56 

25.05 

4.68 

84.19 

Hulled  oats _ 

5 

81.75 

69.83 

84.57 

4.91 

86.22 

Buckwheat.  _ 

8 

70.14 

56.79 

85.09 

6.33 

82.69 

Rice _ 

5 

69.17 

73.08 

80.00 

5.81 

78.93 

Kafir  corn  .  .  _ 

11 

83.50 

68.56 

76.96 

4.45 

90.60 

Barley _  ...  .  .  _  ...... 

5 

76.46 

75.90 

66.45 

4.33 

84.52 

Corn,  cracked _ _  .  .  . 

2 

83.30 

72.20 

87.10 

88.10 

Wheat  bran  .  .  _  .  _ 

3 

46.70 

71.70 

37.00 

46.00 

India  wheat _ _  _ 

3 

72.70 

75.00 

83.80 

t 

83.40 

Oats,  rolled.  .  .... _ _ 

4 

89.30 

80. 10 

92.20 

94.30 

Peas..  _  ...  .  _ _ 

3 

76.60 

88.10 

81.20 

87.10 

Cowpeas _  .....  -  _  _ 

6 

71.90 

88.70 

87.50 

Millet _  _ 

2 

62.40 

85.70 

98.40 

Potatoes _ 

6 

78.30 

46.90 

84.50 

Beef  scrap .  ......  .....  ... 

4 

83.60 

91.40 

91.00 

Fish  meal _  _  _  _ 

5 

91.60 

91.48 

92.24 

Corn  meal  .  ......  _  .. 

5 

84.20 

74.60 

89.90 

89.30 

Clover,  (calculated).  .  ...  ..... 

3 

27.70 

70.60 

35.50 

14.30 

Digestive  Coefficients  of  Poultry  Feeds,  etc 


KAUPP-XVEY  TABLE  OF  AVERAGE  DIGESTIBLE 
NUTRIENTS  OF  POULTRY  FEEDS 

Based  on  digestive  experiments  with  poultry  as  determined  by  B.  F.  Kaupp  and  J.  E.  Ivey,  N.  C. 
Experiment  Station,  Brown,  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  Bartlett,  Maine  Experiment  Station, 
bields  and  Ford,  Oklahoma  Experiment  Station,  and  Paraschtschuk,  Kaluginand,  and  Grost. 

TABLE  IX 


Digestible  Nutrients  in  100  Pounds 


Feed 

Total 

Dry 

Matter 

Crude 

Protein 

Fiber 

Nitrogen 

Free 

Extract 

Fat 

Total 

Pounds 

Barley..  ..  _  _  ._  .. 

90.69 

8.70 

0.18 

58.94 

1.40 

69.22 

Buckwheat _ _ _ 

88.10 

6.14 

0.64 

51.47 

2.30 

60.55 

Clover,  red  (green  1  _ 

16.20 

2.89 

1.67 

0.35 

4.91 

Corn _  _  _ 

87.81 

8.42 

0.10 

62.73 

4.17 

75.42 

Corn  ptapIcpH  .  _ 

89.71 

7.44 

62.54 

4.36 

74.34 

Corn  meal,  bolted _ 

86.87 

7.47 

0.12 

60.05 

4.87 

72.51 

Corn  meal,  unbolted - 

88.90 

6.69 

0.19 

60.53 

4.73 

72.14 

88.70 

6.93 

64.30 

3.41 

74.64 

Cottonseed  meal - 

92.09 

27.63 

0.78 

23.54 

6.93 

58.88 

88.40 

48.82 

1.33 

50.15 

Oats.  - 

80.79 

9.77 

1.28 

45.73 

2.72 

59.50 

Oats,  hulled - 

91.80 

9.70 

0.09 

55.35 

7.36 

72.50 

92.10 

12.82 

62.33 

5.99 

81.14 

Kafir  corn - 

88.65 

7.56 

0.10 

63.89 

2.31 

73.86 

Mi  lief,  ...  ...  ...  . 

90.90 

7.36 

63.66 

2.83 

73.85 

21.20 

1.03 

14.71 

15.74 

Peanut  meal  (Fat  not  extracted) - 

93.90 

17.11 

0.68 

13.04 

27.91 

58.74 

90.80 

20.17 

50.34 

0.89 

71.40 

Rice _ 

90.67 

5.69 

0.56 

52.36 

1.52 

60.13 

Rye - - - 

90.57 

8.44 

0.09 

61.54 

0.46 

70.53 

Soybean  meal  (Fat  extracted) - 

88.88 

34.71 

0.11 

24.02 

6.09 

64.93 

Wheat - - -  - 

89.80 

8.66 

0.14 

62.45 

1.02 

72.27 

89.90 

11.47 

24.70 

1.63 

37.80 

Wheat  middlings - 

90.71 

10.14 

0.60 

32.33 

2.41 

45.48 

92.50 

54.20 

10.56 

64.76 

90.26 

72.58 

2.70 

0.68 

75.96 

Buttermilk  (dried) - 

89.88 

27.86 

39.20 

0.77 

67.83 

_  •  i  I 

90.30 

45.10 

9. 13 

54.23 

Meat  and  bone  meal - 

94.10 

36.58 

0.07 

3.74 

10.59 

50.98 

Digester  tankage  - - - 

92.58 

47.30 

0.09 

3.08 

12.84 

63.31 

FOR  USE  ONLY  IN 


THE  NORTH  CAROLINA  COLLECTION 


UNIVERSITY  OF  N.C.  AT  CHAPEL  HILL 


00030179048 


■  Photomount 
Pamphlet 
Binder 
Gaylord  Bros. 
Makers 

Syracuse,  N.  Y 
PAT.  JAN  21,  1908 


